兽类学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 117-127.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150101

• •    下一篇

成年野生黄山短尾猴的个性特征类型及其性别差异

陈锐 顾志远 王希 孙丙华 夏东坡 李进华   

  1. 安徽大学
  • 出版日期:2018-03-30 发布日期:2018-06-19
  • 通讯作者: 夏东坡 E-mail: dpxia@ahu.edu.cn; 李进华 E-mail: jhli@ahu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31672307,31401981,31372215);安徽省自然科学基金(1408085QC56);安徽大学博士启动基金(J01001319);安徽大学研究生创新研究项目(yqh100247,yqh100248)

Personality and its differences among adult free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan, China

CHEN Rui,GU Zhiyuan,WANG Xi,SUN Binghua,XIA Dongpo,LI Jinhua   

  1. Anhui University
  • Online:2018-03-30 Published:2018-06-19

摘要:

社会性动物的个性特征是对环境和社群的适应性结果,对个性的研究是探究群居动物复杂社会关系及其差异的重要内容。相对于个性特征评级法和行为编码法,自然观察法是分析判断野生动物个性特征较为理想的方法之一,最大限度地突出了野生动物的自然属性及个性特征类型。本研究以栖息于安徽黄山的野生短尾猴投食群体鱼鳞坑A1群为研究对象,采用目标动物取样法和全事件记录法,于2015年7月至2016年6月期间采集成年个体自然发生的行为数据,并采用主成分分析方法判断成年个体的个性特征及类型,并分析性别差异。结果表明:成年雄性个体具有5种个性特征,即领导型、内向型、社交型、孤僻型以及受欺凌型,成年雌性个体具有6种个性特征,即领导型、孤僻型、内向型、不安型、神经质型以及友好型。研究结果与已有结果一致,说明自然观察法可能是分析野生动物个性类型的较好
选择,同时,不同性别之间个性类型的差异性进一步显示了野生动物自然属性。本研究为深入理解动物个体水平上的差异性及适应性提供了科学依据。

关键词: 短尾猴, 个性特征, 自然观察法, 自然属性

Abstract:

Personality is the adaptive result of animals’ habitat and their society. Studies on animal personality are important to untangle complex social relationship. Naturalistic  observation is an ideal method to distinguish wild animal personality and can better highlight the natural attributes and personality trait types in wild animals than can  personality traits rating and behavior coding. The study subjects are a free-ranging group of wild Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) at Mt.Huangshan, Anhui. The study used  focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording methods to collect adult macaques’ natural behaviors from July 2015 to June 2016. We then used principal components analysis to distinguish personality traits and gender differences among adult monkeys. Results showed that there were five types of personality such as leadership, introversion, sociability, solitary and bullying among adult male macaques. Adult female macaques had six types of personality: leadership, solitary, introversion, insecurity, nervousness and affiliation. The results are consistent with previous research and indicate that the naturalistic observation is a better choice for analyzing personality types in wild animals. The study provides scientific basis for further understanding diversity and adaptability at the individual level.

Key words: Natural attribute, Naturalistic observation, Personality, Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana)