关键词: 圈养, 马麝, 活动格局

Abstract:
This preliminary studies on active patterns of captive alpine musk deer ( Moschus sifanicus) was conducted between June 2000 and January 2001 at Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve , Gansu Province of China1 The sampling population was 46, some of which were captured from wild at different stages , and some were born by captured deer. Four behaviors such as standing and locomotion (SL), feeding (FE) , ruminating (RU) and bedding (BE) were observed with the method of scanning sampling at intervals of 30 minutes. The scan observing was conducted with the binoculars of 10 ×50. The data of the behavioral emergency ratio was sorted by three seasons (summer, autumn, winter) and two periods (day time , night). The test of Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann - Whitney were used to analyze data. Our work showed that the daily active peaks of musk deer occurred in different patterns. There were different active peaks among seasons : dawn , dusk and midnight in summer; noon , dusk and midnight in autumn; noon、midnight in winter, and the midnight active peak was in common. In general , the musk deer was more active in darkness than in daytime in all three seasons , consequently , the active of alpine musk deer should belong to crepuscular pattern biased to be more active in night. In one season , there was significant difference between daytime and night time, which was resulted from environmental temperatures. In conclusion , the seasonal active pattern of the captive alpine musk deer is an evolution stable strategy (ESS) to the environmental temperature.

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Key words: Captive, Alpine musk deer ( Moschus sifanicus), Active patterns