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赤狐的活动节律与产仔洞穴的选择

周文扬, 魏万红   

  1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁
  • 出版日期:2006-07-29 发布日期:2008-07-07

ACTIVITY RHYTHMS AND DISTRIBUTION OF NATAL DENS FOR RED FOXES

ZHOU Wenyang , WEI Wanhong   

  • Online:2006-07-29 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 本文对赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)的产仔洞穴、活动节律和巢区大小进行了研究。赤狐产仔洞穴全部为喜马拉雅早獭(Marmota himalayana)的居住洞。一般洞口数较多(平均4.8个),分布于高寒灌丛(71% ),距干扰因素较远(大于1.5 km)。常位于坡中部(71% )。影响其选择的主要因素是隐蔽性和安全性。赤狐的产仔洞穴相对稳定,平均利用时间为3.3年,利用时间的长短与环境条件的稳定性有关。赤弧通常在夜间活动,主要是觅食,而白天有时成体携幼体在洞穴附近进行短时间的非觅食活动,活动的高峰期为1800—0800时。雌雄成体共同哺育幼体,活动范围相同而多单独活动。成体赤弧的巢区面积平均为7.9km2

关键词: 赤狐, 产仔洞穴, 活动节律, 巢区

Abstract: The red fox,Vulpes vulpes,was investigated with snow tracking,radiotracking and directive observation at the Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem ,Academia Sinica.from March to September 1994.The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and use of natal dens,activity rhythms,and home range sizes for the foxes.
1. The fox did not dig the dens by itself, all natal dens were using the tunnel systems of the Himalayan Marmots.At the early period of breeding season.it searched and selected the dens with the multi—entrance(average 4.8 entrances/den),the distribution in the alpine shrub (71 %),the distance far away from disturbance factors (average more than 1.5 km.)and the middle part of slope(71% );its reason was safety.The average utilized period of dens was 3.3 year.
2.The activity peak of the fox was at night mainly for foraging food and diurnal activity was that of adult playing with the youngs near the dens,its peak was 1800一0800hr.
3.During the breeding season,both of adult male and female took care of the
youngs and had the same activity area. The average home range size of adult fox was 7.9 Km2 and of the young was 2.29 km2 .The home range between adjacent individuals was overlapping.

Key words: Red fox(Vulpes vulpes), Natal den, Activity rhythm, Home range