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英国惠普斯耐德獐的育幼行为

张恩迪   

  1. 英国剑桥大学动物学系
  • 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2008-07-07

UNIPARENTAL FEMAIE CARE IN THE CHINESE WATER DEER AT WHIPSNADE WILD ANIMAL PARK, ENGLAND

ZHANG Endi   

  • Online:2006-07-25 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 1993年5-8月在英国惠普斯耐德野生动物园半自然条件下研究了獐()的单亲育幼行为。描述了母幼獐建立关系,母獐的探访和育幼行为,授幼行为,舔犊行为以及母幼间距离等。研究结果表明,母獐昼夜间仅探访幼兽4-5次。初生獐寻找乳头时往往寻错位置,找向母獐的前胸和颈区。在幼獐出生后的早期,哺乳行为的启动是由母獐启动的,但幼獐一周龄后即为启动者。平均哺乳时段为48.2±10.2s.母獐的舔犊行为常与哺乳同时发生,舔犊的位置最常见于幼獐的头部(62.7%),其次是肛殖区(13.9%),再是背部(8.4%),肋部(7.2%),胸部(5.6%)和颈部(2.1%)。此外,还讨论了母兽对不同性别的幼獐的投资的差异及其生物学意义。

关键词: 獐, 育幼行为, 惠普斯耐德野生动物园

Abstract: Parental care in the Chinese water deer(Hydropotes inermis)is a uniparental female care and its mother/offspring relationship was studied in Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, England between May and August 1993. Descriptions were given to establishing contact, visits and care periods, sucking of fawns, grooming of fawns, and the distance between the dam and its dependent fawn. Dams were observed only visiting their fawns four to five times daily. It was found that in the first stage of teat-seeking, the fawns generally directed their behavior toward incorrect parts of the dam’body, particularly the chest and throat region. In the early stages, nursing appeared to be initiated by the dam but after about one week of life the fawn was usually the initiator. The mean suckling bouts was 42.8±10.2s. the body care received by the fawn from the dam was often associated with suckling. When grooming, the dam licked every part of the fawn’s body but concentrated on the head(62.7%)and ano-genital region(13.9%), followed by back(8.4%), flank(7.2%), breast(5.6%), and neck(2.1%). The difference in maternal investment towards different sexes of offspring is also discussed.

Key words: Chinese water deer(Hydropotes inermis), Maternal care, Whipsnade Wild Animal Park