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长江江豚对人工投食适应过程的观察

于道平, 蒋文华, 韩德民   

  1. 安庆师范学院生命科学系,安庆
  • 出版日期:2007-12-11 发布日期:2008-07-07

Observation on the adaptation of Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) to artificial feeding

YU Daoping,JIANG Wenghua,HAN Demin   

  • Online:2007-12-11 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 作者于1989,1992,2001 和2003 年,从长江铜陵江段共捕获24 头长江江豚,在长江干流水域中,用不同的围养方式做摄食行为的观察,累计88 d。结果表明,野外捕获的长江江豚对人工投喂有3 种适应行为:(1)拒食行为;(2)警戒行为;(3)摄食行为。长江江豚的平均拒食天数为2.4 d,其中成年江豚拒食达3 d,而未成年江豚仅拒食1.5 d,两者差异极为显著(P < 0.01)。在冬季和春季圈养试验中,长江江豚的日食量随时间呈上升趋势,冬春季差异显著(P <0.01)。第2 周后江豚警戒行为所用时间不足3 min,但持续时间较长。根据冬季观察,7 周后长江江豚在40 min 内所摄取的食量不足体重的7% ,推测其摄食行为仍处在适应调整阶段。

关键词: 长江江豚, 日食量, 摄食行为, 警戒行为

Abstract: A total of 24 Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)were captured from Tongling section of the Yangtze River in 1989,1992,2001 and 2003. Various temporary feedings were conducted for up to 88 days in the mainstream of the Yangtze River. It was found that the behavioral adaptation of the finless porpoises to the artificial feeding consisted of three types:(1)Refusing food;(2)Vigilance;(3)Accepting food. Our paper suggested that the average time of refusing food lasted 2.4 d (3 days for adults and only 1.5 days for juveniles). There was a distinct difference in the time of refusing food between adults and juveniles (P < 0.01). Daily food intake showed an ascending tendency in both winter and spring,but a significant difference (P< 0. 01)was found between the two seasons. The duration of vigilance spent by the porpoises was less than 3 min after the second week,but this behavior went on for a long period. Based on observations in winter,the fact that,by the seventh week,food intake in 40 minutes by Yangtze finless porpoise decreased to less than 7% of body weight was a response to artificial feeding.

Key words: Daily food intake, Feeding behavior, Vigilant behavior, Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis)