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梅花鹿的微卫星多态性及种群的遗传结构

吴华,胡杰,万秋红,方盛国,刘武华,章叔岩   

  1. 浙江大学国家濒危野生动植物种质基因保护中心,杭州 310029
  • 出版日期:2008-09-02 发布日期:2008-07-07

Microsatellite polymorphisms and population genetic structure of sika deer in China

WU Hua, HU Jie, WAN Qiuhong, FANG Shengguo, LIU Wuhua, ZHANG Shuyan   

  1. State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered W ildlife,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029,China
  • Online:2008-09-02 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 梅花鹿是我国极度濒危的鹿科动物,其野生种群已濒临灭绝。为了探讨我国野生梅花鹿的保护和管理对策,我们选用了16 个微卫星位点检测来自东北、四川、江西和浙江种群的122 份样品,以此分析我国野生梅花鹿种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构。费希尔确切性检验表明,四个种群中均存在偏离哈迪- 温伯格平衡的现象。与其它的濒危动物相比,中国梅花鹿有着相对较高的遗传多样性:每个位点的平均等位基因数为4 个,平均期望杂合度为0. 559。四个种群中,东北种群拥有最高的平均等位基因数(n = 3. 688),东北种群、四川种群、江西种群以及浙江种群的平均期望杂合度分别为0. 584,0. 477,0. 585 和0.589,它们之间不存在显著的差异。同时,利用逐步突变模型、双相突变模型和无限等位基因突变模型检测了种群的瓶颈效应,结果表明:除四川种群外,其他种群在近期内都经历过遗传瓶颈。费希尔确切性检验及配对样品F ST 的结果均表明:四个梅花鹿种群间存在显著的遗传分化(P < 0. 001)。因此,我们建议将我国梅花鹿的野生种群划分为4 个管理单元进行保护和
管理。

关键词: 梅花鹿, 微卫星, 遗传多样性, 种群遗传结构, 管理单元

Abstract: The sika deer (Cervus nippon) of China is critically endangered in the wild. In order to create effective approaches
for the conservation and management of this species,we investigated genetic diversity and population genetic structure by using 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci based on 122 samples from four populations in China,namely Northeast population, Sichuan population,Jiangxi population and Zhejiang population. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were detected by Fisher's exact tests among the four populations. The results showed that there was a relatively high level of genetic diversity in Chinese sika deer for the total samples,compared to the other endangered species:the mean number of observed alleles per locus was 4,and the average expected heterozygosity values was 0. 559;the mean number of observed alleles per locus of Northeast population were highest (n = 3.688); the expected heterozygosities of the Northeast,Sichuan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang populations were respectively
0. 584, 0.477, 0.585 and 0.589, respectively and where no significant differences was found. Population bottlenecks of the four populations of Chinese sika deer were also tested by step-wise mutation models (SMM), two-phase mutation model (TPM)and infinite allele mutation model (IAM),which indicated that all populations except the Sichuan population had experienced bottlenecks during the recent period. Strong genetic differentiation amongst the four populations was detected both by Fisher’s exact test and by calculating the paired-samples Fst (P <0. 001). Therefore,we advise that the wild populations of Chinese sika deer be protected and managed as four management units.

Key words: Genetic diversity, Microsatellite, Management units, Population genetic structure, Sika deer (Cervus nippon)