兽类学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 120-128.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150319

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基于红外相机技术分析极旱荒漠有蹄类动物的活动节律

李建亮1 李佳琦2 王亮3 裴鹏祖3 马东辉1 禚孟雅1 包新康1   

  1. (1 兰州大学生命科学学院，兰州 730000)  (2 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，南京 210042） 
    (3 安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管理局，瓜州 736100)
  • 出版日期:2020-04-01 发布日期:2020-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 李佳琦 E-mail: lijiaqihao@163.com; 包新康E-mail: baoxk@lzu.edu.cn

The analysis on activity rhythms of several ungulates in extreme arid desert region based on infrared camera data

LI Jianliang1，LI Jiaqi2，WANG Liang3，PEI Pengzu3，MA Donghui1，ZHUO Mengya1，BAO Xinkang1   

  1. (1 School of life science,Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000,China)
    (2 Nanjing institute of environmental science, Ministry of Ecological and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China)
    (3 Administration of Gansu Anxi Extreme-Arid Desert National Nature Reserve, Guazhou 736100, China)
  • Online:2020-04-01 Published:2020-04-09

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摘要：

红外触发相机技术近年来不但广泛应用于野生动物种类、数量和分布的调查与观测，还可用于对动物活动节律和行为的研究分析。本研究在甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区采用公里网格法布设60台红外相机，于2017年9月至2018年9月累计完成14657个相机工作日，采集到5种荒漠有蹄类动物的1892张独立有效照片，通过计算相对多度指数，对它们的活动节律进行分析讨论。结果表明：(1)研究区域5种荒漠有蹄类动物总的相对多度达到129.08，其中岩羊（43.87）和北山羊（42.98）的相对多度高，其次是盘羊（25.38）、蒙古野驴（15.62）和鹅喉羚（1.23）；（2）5种荒漠有蹄类动物的年活动节律表现出一致性，即5—6月活动最为频繁，11—12月出现第2个活动高峰；（3）蒙古野驴不同季节在水源地出现的日活动节律没有明显的规律，但在22:00—24:00会出现一天的峰值；而春、夏季鹅喉羚在水源地出现的最大活动峰值是在12:00—14:00；（4）各季节北山羊和岩羊的日活动节律均呈双峰型，北山羊的第2个活动高峰时间比岩羊的更偏晚一些；盘羊在冬季和春季为双峰型，夏秋季出现3个高峰；岩羊、盘羊和北山羊的夏季日活动节律在清晨的活动高峰提前、傍晚的活动高峰会推后（5）5种荒漠有蹄类动物中，北山羊的夜间相对多度较高。荒漠有蹄类动物的年活动节律主要随生活史周期而变化，日活动节律除了受行为习性和日照节律的影响之外，不同种类主要因其栖息环境的不同而有差异。

关键词: 红外相机, 极旱荒漠, 有蹄类, 相对多度, 活动节律

Abstract:

In recent years, the method of camera-trapping has been widely used not only in the investigating on wild animal species diversity, amount and distribution, but also in the research of animal activity rhythm and behavior. We established 60 trapping stations in Gansu Anxi Extreme Arid Desert National Nature Reserve according to kilometer grid method, and did a survey effort of 14657 camera trapping days from September 2017 to September 2018. A total of 1892 independent valid photos of five desert ungulates had been collected for analyzing their activity rhythms. The results show that：(1) In the study area, the total relative abundance index of the five desert ungulates reached to 129.08, and the indices of Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) (43.87) and Ibex (Capra ibex) (42.98) were higher than the ones of Argali (Ovis ammon) (25.38), Chigetai (Equus hemionus) (15.62) and Gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) (1.23). (2) The annual activity rhythms of the five ungulates were consistent, i.e. two activity peaks in a year. Their activities reached the maximum in June, and the second peak was in November or December. (3) The daily appearance of Chigetai at the water-drinking site reached the peak during 22:00-24:00, and the activity peak of Gazelle was during 12:00-14:00 in spring and summer. (4) The diurnal activity rhythm of the Ibex and the Blue sheep were bimodal in every season, and the second
activity peaks of the Ibex were later in dusk than the Blue sheep. Diurnal activity rhythm of the Argali were also bimodal in winter and spring, but had three activity peaks in summer and autumn. Of these three ungulates, the first activity peak was advanced and the last peak was delayed in summer. (5) The night-time relative abundance of Ibex was higher than other ungulates. The activity rhythm of the desert ungulates were influenced not only by the life cycle, behavior and sunshine rhythm, but also by their different habitats.

Key words: Infrared camera, Extreme arid desert, Ungulate, Relative abundance, Activity rhythm

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