Abstract: We describe life history patterns and analyze population dynamics of an enclosed population of Hainan Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi hainanus), an endemic,precious and endangered mammal which inhabited in Bangxi Nature Reserve of Hainan Province. Average life span among all animals was about 4.6 years (4. 7 years for females,4. 4 for males). Sexual maturity among females began at an average age of females was 16 months. Mean age of females at first parturition was just over 2 years. All offspring were produced in autumn and winter,the rainy seasons of tropical Hainan Island,when vegetation prospered and food was abundant,and favorable for juveniles to survive. The longest reproductive span of females was 8.5 years;among males, it was and the longest reproductive life span of males was about 4 years. Adult females produced an average of 1 fawn/ yr (i. e.,
litter size =1). The sex ratio of neonates (male∶female)was 1.33∶1. The mortalities of males were different from those of females at different age stages:Female mortality was higher than that of males in yearlings (0 -2 years);adult male mortality was higher than that of adult females (3 - 8 years),suggesting that males had paid higher reproductive cost than females. Annual mortality was highest at older ages (- 9 years)and male mortality was almost equal to that of females at senior stage,which showed that the seniors were the weakest and underwent strongest natural selection. A Leslie matrix suggested that,at stable age distribution,λ≈1.011,with a generation interval of≈5.12 years.

Key words: Hainan Eld’s deer (Cervus eldi hainanus), Life history feature, Leslie matrix, Population dynamics

摘要： 本文应用生命表和Leslie 矩阵等生活史常规研究方法,分析了生存于海南邦溪自然保护区的国家I 级珍稀濒危哺乳动物海南坡鹿种群的年龄结构、特定年龄存活率、特定年龄繁殖率、初次产仔年龄、产仔季节、性比、寿命等重要生活史特征,并预测其种群动态趋势。邦溪海南坡鹿种群平均寿命4. 6 岁,雌性平均寿命略高于雄性,分别为4. 7 岁,4. 4 岁;雌性平均初次产仔年龄为24 月龄;雌性平均性成熟年龄为16 月龄;雌性最长繁殖寿命为8. 5 岁,雄性最长繁殖寿命约为4 岁;成年雌性平均一年一胎,胎仔数为1;新生幼仔数量雄性大于雌性,性比为1. 33∶ 1;种群动态生命表的分析结果表明,各年龄段雄性存活率高于雌性。幼体(0 ～2 岁)死亡数雌性高于雄性,壮年成体(3 ～8 岁)死亡数雄性高于雌性,老体(9 岁～ )死亡数两性几乎相等。雌性幼体受到较强的自然选择作用,体弱个体被淘汰;壮年雄体为繁殖付出较高的代价,死亡个体数量较高。Leslie 矩阵预测结果表明,如果影响出生率和死亡率的因子不变,种群数量将逐年增长,周限增长率为λ≈1. 011;种群内禀增长率r≈0. 012;种群世代增长率R₀ ≈1. 06;世代长度T≈5. 12 年。产仔时间为秋季与冬季,春、夏季节不产仔,此为适应海南岛独特的热带环境选择压力的结果。

关键词: 海南坡鹿, 生活史特征, 种群动态, Leslie 矩阵