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内蒙古贺兰山啮齿动物群落多样性及其与环境因子关系

石锐1,2 李宗智1 高惠1 庞博3 燕永彬4 滕丽微1,5 刘振生1,5   

  1. (1 东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨 150040)(2 黑龙江民族职业学院,哈尔滨 150040)(3 内蒙古呼伦湖国家级自然保护区管理局,呼伦贝尔 021000)(4 河南银基佳宝游乐园管理有限公司,郑州 450000)(5 国家林业和草原局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨 150040)
  • 出版日期:2019-11-30 发布日期:2019-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 刘振生 E-mail:zhenshengliu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(31372221,31870512);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2572014CA03);宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区2018年监测体系建设补助资金项目(NLF2018-35);宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区马鹿等极度濒危野生动物拯救保护监测、调查项目(NLF2016-220)

Rodent diversity and its relationship with environmental factors in Mt. Helan, Inner Mongolia

SHI Rui 1,2 , LI Zongzhi 1, GAO Hui 1, PANG Bo 3, YAN Yongbin 4, TENG Liwei 1,5, LIU Zhensheng 1,5   

  1. (1 College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)
     (2 Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin 150040 , China)
    (3 Hulunlake National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia Administration, Hulun Buir 021000, China)
    (4 Henan Yinji Jiabao Amusement Park Management Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, China)
    (5 Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Harbin 150040 , China)
  • Online:2019-11-30 Published:2019-11-27

摘要: 啮齿动物群落结构可以反映生态环境特征。本研究对处于阿拉善荒漠区呈“孤岛”状态的内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区内啮齿动物的种类、分布型及群落多样性进行系统研究。将内蒙古贺兰山划分为五种生境类型,于2013年春、夏、秋3季共布设有效铗日18748个,捕获啮齿动物235只,分属2目5科11属13种。在整体研究区域,阿拉善黄鼠(Spermophilus alashanicus)为优势种。明确了喜湿型是本研究区域的主要分布型,占捕获啮齿动物的54%,并且在中低海拔区域,随着海拔的升高,喜湿型所占比例增加。受“边缘效应”的影响,山地荒漠和荒漠草原生境以及山地草原灌丛生境的啮齿动物群落多样性指数高于其他生境,除环境因素外,啮齿动物群落的多样性受两种因素的影响,既可随群落内物种数量的增加而增大,同时又受制于群落内部物种分布的均匀程度。冗余分析结果表明,植被高度、植被盖度、灌木(乔木)高度和海拔4个环境因子是决定啮齿动物群落结构最主要的环境因子,其中植被盖度与群落多样性呈负相关,随着植被盖度的增加,多样性指数随之减低。

关键词: 内蒙古贺兰山, 啮齿动物, 分布型, 群落多样性, 环境因子

Abstract: Structure of rodent community reflects the characteristics of ecological environment. This study systematically analyses species distribution patterns and community diversity of the rodents in the Mt. Helan National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia, an "isolated island" in Alashan desert area. The reserve is divided into five habitat types, with a total of 18,748 effective clip days in spring, summer and autumn in 2013. Our project captured two hundred-thirty-five rodents, belonging to 13 species, 11 genera, 5 families in 2 orders, in the area, among them Spermophilus alashanicus is the dominant species. The results indicate that the taxa favored for moisture environment and habitat are the main composition of the community, accounting for 54% of the rodents captured, echoing the unique geographical location and environment of the Mt. Helan, where proportion of moisture environment and habitat increases following increased altitude in the middle and low elevations. According to indices of "edge effect", rodents in the deserts of mountain and grassland, and mountain grassland shrub exhibit a higher density of the community than those in other habitats. In addition to environmental factors, such diversity pattern may have been shaped by the two factors: the increasing number of species, and the evenness of species distribution. The results of redundancy analysis show that vegetation height and coverage, shrub (tree) height and altitude, are the most important environmental factors driving the formation of rodent community. Interestingly, different from the others, vegetation coverage is negatively correlated with community diversity index decreases following the increased vegetation coverage.

Key words: Mt. Helan, Inner Mongolia, Rodents, Distribution type, Community diversity, Environmental factors