同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150382

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明同域分布的鼬獾（Melogale moschata）和食蟹獴（Herpestes urva）的日活动节律、时间生态位及其两者共存机制，于2016年12月至2017年12月，在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区开展红外相机监测获取数据，后采用核密度估计（Kernel density estimation）和重叠指数（Coefficient of overlap）对该地区的鼬獾和食蟹獴进行了研究。结果表明：鼬獾属于典型的夜行性动物，其日活动模式为双峰型，活动峰值出现在01：00—05：00和21：00—24：00；与雨季相比，旱季的活动峰值均提前1 h，活动高峰期延长3 h。食蟹獴为典型昼行性动物，其日活动模式为单峰型，活动峰值出现在11：00—18：00，与雨季相比，旱季活动高峰期提前并延长1 h。两者间的日活动模式重叠指数较低（Δ=0.17），但旱季（Δ=0.22）高于雨季（Δ=0.12）。两者主要通过改变时间生态位来避免对食物资源和领域的竞争，从而实现共存。

关键词: 鼬獾, 食蟹獴, 日活动节律, 时间生态位分化, 喀斯特生境

Abstract: Understanding wildlife activity and temporal niche partitioning is fundamental in revealing mechanisms of niche partitioning among sympatric species as well as species coexistence and community composition.Based on images collected by infrared camera traps in Nonggang National Nature Reserve between December 2016 and December 2017,we examined differences in daily activity patterns between two sympatric carnivores,the Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata) and crab-eating mongoose(Herpestes urva),by kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to explore the time niche differentiation.The results showed that the Chinese ferret-badger was a typical nocturnal animal with two peaks in daily activity(01:00-05:00 and 21:00-24:00).The peak of ferret-badger activity during the dry season was earlier and was three hours longer in duration compared with during the rainy season.The crab-eating mongoose was strictly diurnal with a single activity peak(11:00-18:00).Compared to during the rainy season,the dry season activity peak for mongooses occurred earlier and was also longer in duration.The daily activity patterns of both species showed marked difference between seasons.The overlap index between the Chinese ferret-badgers and crab-eating mongooses during the research period was lower(Δ=0.17),and was higher in the dry season(Δ=0.22) than that in the rainy season(Δ=0.12).Therefore,we conclude that sympatric Chinese ferret-badgers and crab-eating mongooses likely decrease interspecific competition by time niche differentiation so as to coexist.

Key words: Chinese ferret-badger, Crab-eating mongoose, Daily activity pattern, Time niche differentiation, Karst habitat

中图分类号:

Q958.1

姚维, 汪国海, 林建忠, 龙继凤, 李佳琦, 周岐海. 同域分布鼬獾和食蟹獴活动节律的比较[J]. 兽类学报, 2021, 41(2): 128-135.

YAO Wei, WANG Guohai, LIN Jianzhong, LONG Jifeng, LI Jiaqi, ZHOU Qihai. Comparison of activity rhythms of sympatric Chinese ferret-badger(Melogale moschata) and crab-eating mongoose(Herpestes urva)[J]. ACTA Theriologica Sinica, 2021, 41(2): 128-135.

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