Abstract: The paper tries to give a review of evolution of the Neolithic Sites mammalian fauna of South China.It seems that almost all members of the Neolithic mammalian fauna of South China are consisted to be the living species, but it is not similar in the zoogeographical distribution, the animal distribution of the former was more extensive than the latter. For example, more than 2500 years ago, the Asian elephant(Elephas maximus) probably existed in Yangyuan, Hebei; Anyang, Henan; Taian, Shandong etc. which are approximately corresponding to the Lower Huang-he (Yellow river) region, and today its habitat has retreated to a very limited area in the southwest part of Yunnan Province.There is little doubt that the living mammalian fauna of South China was derived from the Holocene mammalian fauna of South China.The evolution is mainly due to two factors: one is the climate which has become cooler and cooler since 2500 years ago. the other is human economic activities which became more deteriorating to many mammalian forms in the latter time.