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内蒙古草场鼠害的基本特征及其生态对策

钟文勤, 周庆强, 孙崇潞   

  1. 中国科学院动物研究所
  • 出版日期:2011-11-22 发布日期:2011-11-22

THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RODENT PESTS ON THE PASTURE IN INNER MONGOLIA AND THE ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROLLING

ZHONG Wenqin, ZHOU Qingqiang, SUN Chonglu   

  1. Institute of Zoology, Acadetnia Sinica
  • Online:2011-11-22 Published:2011-11-22

摘要: 天然草场是发展畜牧业的重要基地。本区草场面积辽阔,资源丰富,具有很大的生产潜力。对于此类可再生资源的利用和保护,从东部的草原草场到西部荒漠草场,目前均还存在不同程度的草场退化、沙化以及与此有关的鼠害问题。鼠患严重地区,如呼伦贝尔草原,据有关单位1971-1982年统计资料,在布氏田鼠(Microtus brandti)种群数量增长年份,受害草场达可利用面积的54%;一般年份亦有10—20%。

关键词: 内蒙古, 草场鼠害, 生境选择, 生态对策, 布氏田鼠, 长爪沙鼠, 达乌尔鼠兔

Abstract: This paper deals with the types of the rodent pest area on the grazing land in Inner Mongolia and the regularity of their forming and developing. Colonial rodents such as Microtus brandti, Meriones unguiculatus and Ochotona daurica do harm to the grazing lands in this region. Over-grazing and unsuitable reclamation result in the degeneration of grazing lands which provide favourable conditions for these rodents in their habitat selection. In certain successive stages of degeneration of grassland community, the population density of the harmful rodents increases with the growth of degeneration, moreover, it accelerates the degeneration of the grazing lands.There will be a succession of these colonial rodents in the grazing lands under sustained over-grazing.The ecological strategies for preventing the present degeneration-rodent destroyed pastures are suggested. To improve the range management and to prevent over-grazing of the pastures are the main measures for controlling the rodent pests in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Rodent pestof pasture-land, Habitat selection, Ecological strategy, Microtus brandti, Meriones unguiculatus, Ochotona daurica