关键词: 鼠兔, 分类, 分布, 中国

Abstract: Altogether 21 species of the genus Ochotona are recorded in the world up to the present, of which 17 species occur in China(see text in Chinese), This shows that China boasts of the greatest number of species of Ochotona,The genus Ochotona may be divided into two subgenera,i. e. Pika and Ochotona. The former contains 7 species, their skull having a distinct incisive and palatal foramina. The subgenus Ochotona includes 10 species, its incisive and palatal foramina being widely confluent to form a single opening.The taxonomic notes and the distribution of 7 forms, namely, O. cansus, O.forresti, O.curzoniae, O.macrotis, O.gloveri, O.muliensis and O. hyperborea, are briefly given as follows:1. Ochotona cansus Lyon, 1907Closely related to the O.thibetana, but distinguished by the following points: l)The total length of the skull comparatively shorter(34.4±0.21mm in average,n= 35;as against 37.6±0.42mm,n = 33)and the zygomatic width (15.9±0.08mm,n = 44;as against 18.0±0.19mm,n = 39).2) It has been found that the range of cansus, such as Banma County, Xunhua County, E. Qinghai(Chinghai) province and Litang County, Hei Shui County of W. Sichuan province, overlaps that of thibetana(map l),and that the intermediary form does not occur in the same area where the two species meet.Distribution: kansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Xizang (Tibet).2. Ochotona forresti Thomas, 1923Similar to O.thibetana but differing from the latter in these ways: 1) A dark grey area behind each ear, and these two areas almost meet across the nape; unlike a pale-buffy area which does not meet in thibetana,2) Fore claws longer(5.5-7.0mm in length) than that of the latter(3.7-5.0 mm), 3) With larger zygomatic width(19,7 ±00, 18mm,n= 15) than in thib- etana(see comments under cansus). 4 ) The incisive and palatal foramina in form of a single calabash or violin-shaped opening, the specimens with such representative characteristics occupying 70% of the total number of the specimens from Yunnan and Xizang(Tibet). 5 ) The posterior end of nasals broader than that of thibetana, being rectangular in appearance. distribution: N.W.Yunnan,S.E.Xizang(Tibet).3. Ochotona curzoniae(Hodgson, 1858)Allied to O.daurica, separated from the latter by its skull with very prominent, bowed summit as seen in profile, and a larger depth of skull (17.9 + 0.08mm, n = 58; as against 16.9±0.15mm,n= 16), and a lesser bu-llae(10.6±0.08mm,n = 37 as against 12.1±0.13mm, n=16). On the other hand, the two species are overlapping in distribution in E. Qinghai(Chin-ghai) province.On the electrophoretic comparision of the serum protein and hemoglobin in the two species, a discussion was also made by ZHOU Yucan and XIA Wuping(1981).They reported that the serum in O.curzoniae was separated into 18 components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum protein, while in O.daurica there were only 15 separated components and two blank zones appeared. By the disc electrophoresis of hemoglobin(Hb), in curzoniae Hb was separated into 4 components, but in daurica only 2 components and no secondary components appeared, and so on.Based on these facts, we consider that curzoniae must be an independent species rather than a subspecies of daurica.Distribution: Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau,including W.Sichuan.4. Ochotona macrotis (Gunther, 1875)The characteristics and the profile of the skull are apparently close to O.roylei of China(= O.r.chinensis), but distinguished from the those from Kashmir area( = O.r.wardi) by the arched skull with a larger depth of it (19.0 + 0.18mm in average as against 16.8±0.41mm).The two species, however, may be distinguished by morphological differences in the following points: 1) .The inside of ears of the macrotis thickly clad with longer hairs than that of roylei.

Key words: Pika, Ochotona, Taxonomy, Distribution, China