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高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)冬季自然死亡率

王学高1, Andrew T. Smith2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所;
    2. 美国亚利桑那州立大学动物学系
  • 出版日期:2011-11-23 发布日期:2011-11-22

ON THE NATURAL WINTER MORTALITY OF THE PLATEAU PIKA(OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)

WANG Xuegao1, Andrew T. Smith2   

  1. 1. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica;
    2. Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
  • Online:2011-11-23 Published:2011-11-22

摘要: 以耳标观察法。1985年4—7月共捕标了样地内高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)幼鼠114只。到入冬前,死亡率为50.88%。第2胎出生的鼠死亡率明显地高于第1胎的死亡率。冬季死亡率呈现波动,入冬及开春时死亡率较高。鼠兔种群进入繁殖前期死亡率趋于零。初春样区存活标志鼠6只,经夏秋冬3季总计死亡率达94.74%。如按入冬时实有标志鼠计算,冬季死亡率为91.04%。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 死亡率, 标志种群

Abstract: The natural winter mortality of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) was investigated as part cf a long-term study of the behavioral ecology of a Population of the species near Qinghai Lake.During summer 1985, all adults and juveniles from the first and second litters were individually marked on a study site of 0.8 hectare.Third litter juveniles were not marked. The fate of marked animals alive at the conclusion of the breeding season was observed throughout the following winter. By 18 November, 50.88% of the population had perished, by the middle of March 1986, 94.74% had died.Ultimately only 5.26% of the population survived the winter to form the breeding Population in 1986. Of juvenile pikas entering the breeding season in 1986, most of them were born in first litters of the preceding year. The rate of mortality was apparently due to severe climatic condition during the winter of 1985-1986 at the site.There were several peculiarities in the mortality rate of Population.First, the mortality rate varied throughout the winter. The higher rate of mortality occurred at the beginning of the winter period, namely prior to the end of November. After this time the mortality rate declined slowly until middle of January. The highest rate of mortality occurred at the middle of February. Rate of mortality again declined over the next month. There was no mortality from the end of March to the first ten-day of May, a period encompassiong the beginning of the 1986 reproductive season.Second, mortality rate was greater among old male than female pikas.Third,the mortality rate among pikas born in second litters was significantly greater than that in first litters (t = 3.2202, p<0.01). Of juvenile pikas entering the breeding season in 1986, most of them were born in first litters the preceding year. There was, however, no difference in the mortality rate by the breeding season from first and second litters.

Key words: Plateau Pika, Ochotona curzoniae, Mortality rate, Marked population