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高原鼢鼠活动与巢区的初步研究

周文扬, 窦丰满   

  1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
  • 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2007-09-13

STUDIES 0N ACTIVITY AND HOME RANGE RANGE OF PLATEAU ZOKOR

ZHOU Wenyang,DOU Fengman   

  • Online:2006-07-25 Published:2007-09-13

摘要: 本文通过无线电遥测及剖洞观察等方往,对在地下活动的高原鼢鼠(Myspatax baileyi)的日活动节律.季节性活动、交配活动,地面活动及其巢区进行了研究。结果表明:高原鼢鼠具有明显的似昼夜节律(circadian rhythm),全天活动高潮一般在日落前数小时;一年四季依次出现交配繁殖, 哺乳育幼、分居贮粮、巢内越冬等四个不同的话动时期。交配时期雄鼠活动范围和时间均远超过雌鼠;夏秋两季鼢鼠有到地面活动行为,这是幼体分居和种群扩散的重要途径。高原鼢鼠的巢区面积一般为几十至几百平方米,雄鼠最大巢区面积可超过1500平方米,最大洞道总长度选226米,巢区面积是春>秋>夏>冬。雌鼠秋季巢面税最大,其变化规律是秋>夏>春>冬。

关键词: 高原鼢鼠, 无线电遥测, 巢区, 活动

Abstract: This Work was carried out at Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Eeosys-tem from 1986 to 1988. Plateau Zokor ,a fossoria1 rodent,ranging in the northwest
China,lives underground in all its life.By grazing and digging ,the zokor causes great damages in grassland, field and forestland.But so far an effective method to study ecology,behavior,and control of plateau zokor has been lacking.Radiotelemetry has been used in this work.100 animals were monitored by transmitters for studying on the home range and activity rhythm of the zokor .The mainly results were approached.
1.Zokors are polyphasic in daily rhythm.They are active both in the daytime and at night.Although the zokor lives underground in dark,its activity is obviously in circadian rhythm .In summcr and autumn,two peaks of aetivity appeared during 15:00 to 22:00 (65.3 % of a day) and 0:00 to 7:00 (21.6 of a day),respectively. In spring.for the soil thawing in the afternoon,activity of the zokor is coneentrleal from 12:00 to 22 :00 (79.7 of a day). In general,activity of the zokor at night is more than that in the daytime.
2. Zokors are active throughout the day with activity periods interspersed with rest. a greater part of time stay at nest,for example,100% of daily time is at nest in winter,90%of daily time at nest for females at nurse,and 75% of daily time is at nest during spring and autumn.Zokors at nest is not only for sleeping and resting,but for eating,excreting,nest building,body cleanthg,giving birth,suckling,ect.
3. Zokors begin to eopulate in April.During this time males are especially ective.Adult male and female are not cohabitants even in reproduetive period,the matings occur at a tunnel cross of the male and female in a short time,after mating,they separate from each other.
4. Activity of the zokor above ground has been found not only in summer,but also in autumn,such phenomenon is often at night.For short of foods underground in Summer,zokors may go to the ground to feed on aboveground vegetation,especially the young.Autumn is the most important season for population dispersion .In this time,most of the males and the youn g will leave their burrow systems for dispersion on the ground.The distance of dispersion is about 200m and a maximum is over 1km.Such result would tend to increase population disperdon throughout the local habitat
and would provide a source for newly available habitat.
5. Zokors are living in solitude.Adult male and fema!e occupy seperate home range.In the population the number of females are more than males.Along with different season,th e home range is quite variable.For males the home range is in spring> in autumn > in summer > in winter,and for females the home range is in autumn > in summer > in spring > in winter .Home range of males is larger than that of females.The male has the largest home range (1625m2) and the longest tunnel(226m) in mating period.The female has the largest home range (574 m2) during foods collecting season .

Key words: Plateau zokor, Myospalax baileyi, Radigtelemetry, Home range, Activity