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陕西省啮齿动物区系与区划

王廷正   

  1. 陕西师范大学生物系
  • 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2007-09-13

ON THE FAUNA AND THE Z00GE0GRAPHICAL REGIONIZATION OF GLIRES (INCLUDING RODENTSAND LAGOMORPHS)IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

WANG Tingzheng   

  • Online:2006-07-25 Published:2007-09-13

摘要: 陕西省地处我国的中部偏东,气侯和植被兼具亚热带和暖温带特点,在动物地理上横跨古北与东洋两大界,啮齿动物种类比较丰富。计有53种另附9亚种,分隶于2目8科6亚科,几乎占全国啮齿动物总种数的三分之一。大足鼠为陕西省首次记录。文中就区系特征作了分析。根据自然地理要素和动物区系的差别,陕西省可划为六个三级地理省。

关键词: 啮齿动物, 区系, 动物地理区划

Abstract: During 1959 to 1988,a number of specimens on glires were collected in Shaanxi province,and identified as 53 species,belonging to 2 orders,8 families ,6 subfamilies and 31 genera.Among them,Rattus nitidus is a new record to Shaanxi province.
The small mammals consisting in Cricetidae,Muridae and Sciuridae are found to be abundant. The mammalian fauna of glires in Shaanxi is rather complex.Palaearetie mammals are considered as 20 species,occupying 55% of the total number of the species.Elements of the Oriental realm occupy 36% including 19 species,such as Callosciurus erythraeus,Dremomys pernyi,Rhizomys sinolsis and Rattus fulveseens,ete. are the representatives.while the remaining 9 are of widely distributed species, Besides,the musk rat (0ndatra zibethica) is an introduced species in Shaanxi since 1958.
With respect to the dividing of the zoogeographical regions of glires,it may be divided into Six Ⅲ-order provinces,each provinceis charaeterized by representatives of glires as follows:
1.Southern border province of Ordos plateau (SOP).The landscape here is of desert-steppe.There are 18 species of glires,of which Meriones meridianus,M.unguiculatus,phodopus roborovskii,and Spermophilus are found to be dominant or common forms.The fauna of this province presents primarily charaeteristies of Palaearetic forms,with exception of only one Oriental species,Rattus niviventer.
2.Loess plateau province (lpp).The vegetation here is mostly foreststeppe, 19 species of glires are found to occur in this region.About 63% of its faunal components are mainly Palaearctic.In the farmland,the dominant forms are the Myospaiax cansus,Spermophilus dauricus and Cricetulus longieaudatus etc.
3.Guanzhong plain province(GPP).It lies south to Qinling.The fauna here is similar to that of the LPP,but with more species which live in the cropland.On the other hand,the Cricetulus triton and Apedemus agrarius are found in great numbers.
4.Qinling mountain province(TMP).The vegetation here consists of the montane subtropical forests on the Southern slopes as well as temperate forests on the Northern slopes.Altogether 37 species of glires have been found to occur in this province .The faunal components of the Qinling are Oriental and Pa'aearctic,occupying 46% and 43% of the total number of glires respectively.The remaining 11% are of widely spread species.There are 4 species which are dominant forms,i.e., Myospalax cansus rufescens,
Rattus niviventer,Apodemus agrarius and A.peninsulae.
5.Hanzhong—Ankang basin province (HAP).Based on our material,the mammalian fauna of glires only consists of 8 species.Among them the Apodemus agrarius,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus are found to be dominant or common farms,while the farmer two species are Considered as harmful to agriculture in this region .
6.Ta-Pashan province (TSP).This region is well-known by its Subtropical evergreen broad—leaved forests and subtropical mammals.About 63% of the fauna belongs to the 0riental realm and only 22% to the Palaeatetic realm , according to the investigation.Of the Oriental species,there are Tamiops swinhoei,petaurista claarkei,P.alborufus , Rhizomys sinensis,Rattus rattoides,R.fulvescens,R.coxingi and others.
Based on the faunal compositions of the different provinces as given above,the author is of the opinion that the 1st.-3rd.provinces belong to the Palaearetic realm, the 4th-6th.provinces to the 0riental realm.

Key words: Glires, Fauna, zoo-geographical divisions