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高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔的摄食行为及对栖息地适应性的研究

焚乃昌,张道川   

  1. 中国科学院高原生物研究所,西宁
  • 出版日期:2006-07-25 发布日期:2008-07-07

FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF OCHOTONA CURZONIAIA AND OCHTDNA DAURICA AND THEIR ADAPTATI0N T0 HABITAT

FAN Naichang,ZHANG daochuan   

  • Online:2006-07-25 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 通过对标志高原鼠兔和达乌尔鼠兔直接观察的方法,对它们的摄食行为及栖息地适应性进行了研究。两种鼠兔的摄食行为链存在着明显趋同的行为程序时间系列。在摄食活动中,前者用于防御敌害的时间分配较多,而达乌尔鼠兔则花费更多的时间于采食。对小生境内的高大植株进行刈割,是高原鼠兔保持其防御视野开阔,降低被捕食风险的适应性策略;达乌尔鼠免则善于利用栖息地内高大植株覆盖物作为它们的临时隐所,以有效地躲避敌害。这表明它们具有反捕食的行为调控能力,也证明捕食风险强化了物种对栖息地的选择。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 达乌尔鼠兔, 摄食行为, 栖息地

Abstract: Studies of foraging behavior for 0.curzoniae, 0.daurica and of their behavioral adaptation to their habitats were carried out by direct observation of marked pikas of free living individuals at Niannuosoma area of Oangcha county,Qinghai province.Both plkas exhibit the same time rank of behavioral patterns of foraging behavioral Chain
:feed> defence> locomotion.Time of spending defence by 0.curzoniaewas more than of 0.daurica ,however time of 0.daurica spending forage was m ore than that of0.curzoniae.
0.curzoniaecut htgh plants in its microhabitat in order to keep the open field of vi—Sion for defence enemy,and 0.dautica made use of the high plants in m icrohabitat for hidden itself when it met with a predator. The resuIts showed that two species of pikas provided behavior flexibility to adapt their habitats,habitat selection of the Pikas were enhanced by predation risk.

Key words: Ochotona curzoniae, o.daurica, Foraging behavior Habitat