关键词: 普氏原羚, 行为, 时间分配, 活动格局

Abstract: This paper presents some recent results on the diurnal activities and time budgets of Przew alski’s gazelle, an endangered species which is only distributed around Qinghai Lake. We conducted target objective observation on the gazelle which to talled 385 individual-time with 64. 19 hours in Spring (Mar.～Apri. ) , Summer (Jun.～Jul. ) and Autumn (Sep.～Oct. ). The results of analysis show that the activity of Procap raprzewalskii varies among the different seasons, and has relation to both sunrise and sunset. For example, in Spring, their activities take 10 hours everyday, from 7:00 to 17:00 (Sunrise:7:28 a. m. ; Sunset: 17: 20 p.m. ) ; and 13～15 hours per day, from 7: 00 to 20: 30 (Sunrise: 6:40 a. m. , Sunset: 20:46 p. m. ) , as well as 12 hours, from 7:00～9:00(Sunrise: 7:02 a. m. , Sunset:18:50 p. m. ) in the Summer and Autumn respectively. 　　The activities of the Przew alski’s gazelle are divided into 5 categories in this study:Feeding, Moving, Standing and Gazing, Bedding and Other Activities. In spring, the major behavior of the animal was feeding, the time budget of feeding occupied 65.56% of all diurnal time and showed three peaks: morning (7:00～ 9:00; 68.07%～73.47% ) , afternoon (13: 00～ 14: 00; 83.94% ) and dusk (15:00～ 17:00; 98.57%～ 84.93% ).Meanwhile, the moving occupied 5.17% , standing and gazing time was 2.67% , bedding time was 26.55% and other activities, 0.03%. 　　In Summer, feeding behavior remained a major activity and showed three peaks :afternoon (13:00～ 14:00; 81.93% ) , late afternoon (16: 00～ 17:00; 78.15% ) and one hour before sunset ( 18 : 00～ 19 : 00; 60.77% ). However, the proport ion decreased greatly, only 45.91% of all diurnal time, and exhibited prominen talternation with another major behavior—bedding (45.24% ). Moving occupied 2.94% , standing and gazing, 5.57% and other activities, 0.79%. In Autumn, the proportion of feeding time decreased continuously, but the behavior still played the most important role (40.02% ) ,and showed the three peaks : noon (11: 00～ 12:00; 57.13% ) , afternoon (14:00～ 15:00; 52.14% ) and dusk (18: 00～ 19: 00; 70.06% ). Moving time increased to 8.18%;standing and gazing time rose obviously over Spring and Summer, 13.79%; bedding,37.13%; and other act ivities, 0.88%. 　　By analysis of variance (ANOVA ) on the time budgets at different seasons, we may take note of the following findings. 　　Feeding time The significant difference has been found between Spring and Summer, D= 0.196 7> D0.05, ; also between Spring and Autumn, D= 0.255 6> D0.05; but it has not been found between the Summer and Autumn, D= 0.058 9< D0.05 ( see table 1). 　　Moving time　Exhibits evident difference between Summer and Autumn, i. e. D=0.056 8> D0.01. 　　Standing and gazing time　Differs significantly between Spring and Autumn, D =0.107 8> D0.01; also Summer and Autumn, D= 0.078 8> D0.01.　 As to the bedding time, it doesn’t show any significant differences among seasons. 　　With respect to the reasons for differences in the time budgets seasonally, the authors have discussed in the text. 　　From an analysis of the time budgets of behaviors, it may also be clearly seen that activities alternate, however, feeding has a dominant status over all behaviors. The activity pattern of the gazelle shows elasticity as well as great adaptability. 　

Key words: Przew alski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), Behavior, Time budget, Activity pattern