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兽类在冰期的一种生存对策——贝格曼法则新解

邓涛 薛祥煦   

  1. 西北大学地质系
  • 出版日期:2005-12-29 发布日期:2008-07-07

AN EXISTING COUNTERM EASURE OFMAMMALSIN GLACIAN PERIODS——A NEW EXPLANATION TOTHE BERGMANN′SLAW

DENG Tao XUE Xiangxu   

  • Online:2005-12-29 Published:2008-07-07

摘要:  第四纪冰期的严酷气候条件对兽类是一个巨大的考验, 最重要的影响因素来自低温和低辐射, 因为温度和光照对兽类的生殖能力有很大的影响。为了在冰期恶劣的条件下保持种群的稳定, 有一部分兽类会选择南迁, 而继续留在北方的动物将采取一种新的生存对策, 体型变大就是这种对策的表现, 这就是所谓的贝格曼法则。本文认为, 体型变大的兽类相应地具有较长的寿命, 气候总是在任何时间尺度上都存在着波动, 兽类采取这种对策的机制就是延长等待时间, 以便利用气候波动中出现的适宜繁殖期, 使种群得以延续。
 

Abstract:  Harsh climatic conditons in the Quaternary glacial periods are severe test s to mammals. The mostinf luential factors are low temperature and radiation, becau se they trem endou sly affect rep roduct ive ab ilities ofm ammals. In o rder to maintain stabilit ies of populat ion s in harsh glacial condit ion s, some mammals wou ld choo se to migrate to south, mean while, other mammals would choose to stay in no rth and adop t a new existing coun term easu re. The increase of mammals′sizes is the expression of th is counter measure, which is the Bergmann′s Law. The authors think that the mechanism , which mammals increase their sizes, is not for decreasing their heat loss. The larger a mammal′s size is, the longer its life is. Climate always has f luctuation in any time scales.Therefore, the mechanism , which mammals increase their sizes, is fo r p ro longing theirw ait ing time so that they fully utilize suitablerep roductive stages in climatic fluctuat ion and con t inue their populations.

Key words: Mammal, Glacial period, Existing counterm easure, Bergmann′s Law