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秦岭羚牛群体分离与重组的变化

曾治高, 宋延龄 , 巩会生   

  1. 中国科学院动物研究所
  • 出版日期:2006-06-27 发布日期:2008-07-07

OBSERVATION ON GROUP SPLITTING AND REFORMING IN GOLDEN TAKIN (BUDORCAS TAXICOLOR BEDFORDI)

ZENG Zhigao ,SONG Yanling, GONG Huisheng   

  • Online:2006-06-27 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 对4只佩戴无线电颈圈的羚牛进行直接观察的结果表明,羚牛群体的结构和组成是经常发生变化的。在羚牛各集群类型中,家群的稳定性最高,社群次之,混合群较差。虽然家群具有较高的稳定性,但是除母牛及其幼仔外,家群的其它成员也经常变化,羚牛的亚成体也不是构成家群的稳定成员。繁殖是羚牛集群类型变化的主要原因之一。在繁殖期中健壮的成年雄性个体因寻找配偶离开原群,在各群间游荡,成为羚牛群中最不稳定的成员。亚成体在其母亲产下幼仔后可能会中断与母牛间的关系,进入混合群和社群。羚牛反捕食策略和护幼行为也会影响羚牛群的分群和重组。

关键词: 秦岭羚牛, 集群, 群体变化

Abstract: Data got from four golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bee/fore/i) with radio-collared revealed that groups of the animal were split and reformed quite easily and could be identified very often in the field during from June 1995 to August 1996. Family groups were more stable than social groups and mixed groups. However the members of family except female and her 1-year calf were also changed quite often. Sub-adults over 1-year old were not associated with their mothers in the family group. Causes of the group splitting were summarized as breeding requirement of adult males growing up of sub-adult and anti-predator strategy of the takin. Adult males would left their groups alone to look for mating change if no any females in the group were in heat. Solitary males were seen get into groups and check females whether they were in estrus. Therefore, the adult males were regarded as the most unstable members in the animal groups in breeding season. Sub- adults over 2-year older would stop their close relationship with their mothers and became the members of social groups or mixed group. It was not sure that whether the group formed up only by sub-adults existed in the subspecies of golden takin. Probabilities of encountering predators would be predicted higher when the animal made a vertical or long distance horizon movements due to the land form of Qinling mountain ranges. Animals in groups could be able to identify predators and escaped before predators find them. Group splitting was identified in the field when takins met any threatens in the study period. Group reforming could be expected in the locations of salt resources.

Key words: Golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi), Aggregation, Group variation