关键词: 黑熊, 生境选择, 定量分析, 主成分分析, 最适生境

Abstract: This paper deals with the habitat selection of black bear from the end of March to September in the Minshan Mountains in 1998. Forty samples of 20 ×20 m² and 15 factors were set up for quantitative analysis in the habitat selection of black bear.
The analysis indicates that black bear chooses the peak or slope face of mountain , which is sunny and has bigger slope, moderate shelter wind and which canopy is between 30 % - 50 %. It still chooses the moderate tree and shrub densities and the smaller fallen log and tree stump densities. The selection of tree distance , shrub distance , fallen log distance and tree stump distance is based on moderation. The main component analysis shows that there are five factors affecting the habitat selection of black bears. They are the food abundant (tree density , shrub density , tree and shrub distance) , the disturbing (fallen log density , tree stump density , fallen log and tree stump distance) , the geography (canopy , geographic nature and slope site) , the climatic (shelter wind nature and aspect) and the elevation factor. The most suitable habitat of black bear is that the tree density is 1 226 - 1 625 roots/ha; the shrub density is 1 425 - 1 976 roots/ha; the fallen log density is 120 - 240 roots/ha, the tree stump density is 110- 230 roots/a; the canopy is 3519 % - 4315 %, the geographic nature is 0.6 - 0.7 (slope face) ; the slope site is 0.5 - 0.7(middle slope site) , the shelter wind nature is 0.4 - 0.7 ( moderation) ; the aspect is 49.8°- 153°(sunny slope) ; and the elevation is 1 993 - 2 276 m (The broadleaf forest and the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest) .

Key words: Black bear, Habitat selection, Quantitative analysis, Main composition analysis, Most suitable habitat