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“社会—经济—自然复合生态系统”中的鼠害治理

张美文 王勇 李波 陈安国   

  1. 中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所
  • 出版日期:2006-08-16 发布日期:2008-07-07

The Rodent Pest Control of the Social-Economical-Natural

ZHANG Meiwen WANG Yong LI Bo CHEN Anguo   

  • Online:2006-08-16 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 在自然生态系统中, 鼠类并非完全有害, 作为生态系统中的一个组成部分和物流与能流的一环, 有其存在的必然性。只有在与人类的生活和生产发生冲突时, 鼠类才表现出其危害性。生态系统的失衡是鼠类暴发成灾最根本的原因。目前, 害鼠对工农业生产造成严重的危害, 并威胁着人们的身体健康, 害鼠防治的异化则对生态环境造成严重的影响。对鼠害的治理是一项社会性的工程, 当地政府的政策法令、组织管理、人们的科学文化素质以及科技普及程度, 对害鼠的控制有着重要的作用。从长远发展来讲, 随着社会的进步, 经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高, 害鼠种群数量将会受到控制而趋于下降。但中短期而言, 社会经济建设的某些活动可能引发局部或大面积害鼠种群的暴发。因此在实施那些措施时, 若能注意害鼠种群的发生发展, 或对有关项目可能对鼠类生存环境的影响进行预测, 并采取有效措施控制害鼠种群, 将会减少害鼠带来的各种损失, 更有利于我们的经济建设。由此提出, 可适时地采用“社会─经济─自然复合生态系统”的思维, 并关注目前社会经济活动中重大举措对鼠类群落的影响, 科学地制定鼠害控制对策。

关键词: 社会─经济─自然复合生态系统, 鼠害防治

Abstract: It is considered that some species of rodents are pests especially when their population outbreak. In many cases , the outbreaks of rodent populations were due to the disturbance of ecosystem , especially in agro-ecosystem. Since rodent pests cause damages on crops and hazard to health of people , great efforts have been made to control their populations. In fact , rodents including those pest species play an important role in ecosystem. They become pests only when the ecosystem balance has been broken down and their density became high. Therefore , the efforts to control the rodent pests could impact the environment and ecosystem. The management of rodent pests is a social process. Government policy and knowledge of people are very important in the process. This social engineering not only needs many measures by ecological principles , but also the strong support by the government and society. It is related to policy , guide , organization and management of government , and cultural level , the level of knowledge and popular science , and others such as religious values or beliefs in some areas. In the long-term , as the progress of society and the improvement of living standard , the population of rodent pests will keep deceasing in China. However , the present economic and social activities may cause the population density of rodent pests high in some areas. Therefore , it is necessary to pay attention to take effective measures in forecasting the possible effects of our economic activities on the survival environments of rodents and the population dynamic of rodent pests , and their community during the economic activities. Proper strategies for rodent control should consider factors of social , economical , and ecosystem. It is also suggested to pay close attention to the impacts of current major moves in social2economic activities on rodent populations.

Key words: Social-economical-natural complex ecosystem, Rodent control