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蒙古野驴的秋季食性分析

刘伟, 杨维康, 徐文轩   

  1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐
  • 出版日期:2008-03-13 发布日期:2008-07-07

Food habits of the Kulan (Equus hemionus)in autumn

LIU Wei,YANG Weikang, XU Wenxuan,   

  • Online:2008-03-13 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 2006 年9 月在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区内采集了25 堆蒙古野驴粪便和10 科共29 种植物标本,采用粪便显微组织学分析方法分析了蒙古野驴的秋季食性,并初步探讨了其食性与周围环境的关系。结果表明,蒙古野驴秋季食性广, 共采食8 科26 种植物。这些植物按照其在食物组成中的比例可分为3 大类:主要食物为梭梭、针茅、驼绒藜, 共占食物组成的61.3% ;常采食植物为柽柳、角果藜、蒿、琵琶柴、芨芨草等11种,共占食物组成的33.3%; 少见采食的植物为盐爪爪、獐毛、顶羽菊、黑果枸杞、里海盐爪爪等12 种,共占食物组成的6.7% 。按科别而论,蒙古野驴采食最多的是藜科植物,其次是禾本科植物。从被采食植物的分布区域分析,其采食区域广阔,包括了保护区内所有的生境类型。

关键词: 蒙古野驴, 粪便显微组织学分析, 食物种类组成

Abstract: Based on 25 piles of faeces of Kulan (Equus hemionus) and 29 categories of plant specimen collected from Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve where Kulan live, the food habit of the Kulan was studied by using the faecal analysis method, and the relationship between food habits and the environment was discussed preliminarily. The results show that twenty six species of plants belonging to eight families were identified as food items. Haloxylon ammodendron, Stipa sp. and Ceratoides latens were the three major food categories in the Kulan's diet,occupying 61.3% of diet constitution of Kulan. Tmarix sp., Ceratocarpus arenarius, Artemisia sp., Reaumuria soongonica, Achnatherum splendens et al.,11 species of plants in total, constituted 33.3% of the Kulan's diet. And the other 12 species of plants,which were less eaten by Kulan, occupied 6.7% of the diet constitution. According to the family categories, Chenopodiaceae was the major food of Kulan, and Gramineae was their second choice. Kulan own broad area to seek food, including all types of habitat in the nature reserve.

Key words: Fecal microscopic analysis, Food habit, Kulan (Equus hemionus)