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吉林珲春自然保护区东北虎种群的初步监测

李冰, 张恩迪, 张振华, 刘宇   

  1. 华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2008-12-20 发布日期:2008-07-07

Preliminary monitoring of Amur tiger population in Jilin Hunchun National Nature Reserve

LI Bing,ZHANG Endi,ZHANG Zhenhua,LIU Yu   

  1. College of Life Science,East China Normal U niversity,Shanghai 200062,China
  • Online:2008-12-20 Published:2008-07-07

摘要: 本文采用被动监测与冬季野外调查相结合的方法,于2001 年12 月至2006 年12 月在吉林珲春国家级自然保护区
开展了东北虎的初步监测,分析了保护区内东北虎的活动频次、数量和雌雄成幼比例,并对东北虎的保护提出了管理
建议。截至2006 年底,保护区内共监测到东北虎的活动93 次,其中有1 次为幼体。45 次有可靠足迹记录的活动情况
的判定表明,2002 ~2006 年依次有3 ~ 7 只次、10 ~16 只次、5 ~9 只次、4 ~ 7 只次、5 ~ 7 只次的东北虎在保护区及周边活动,雄性多于雌性;2003 ~2005 年的冬季野外调查表明,可能有7 只雄性东北虎在该区域活动,其中有1 只为雄
性亚成体。由于受监测条件、监测方法和强度等因素的限制,且在所获监测信息中有半数以上没有可靠的足迹数据,
因此本研究的监测结果只能部分地反应东北虎在该区域活动的情况。作者建议,在该保护区及毗邻区域,建立跨国界
保护机制、加强生态走廊的建设并在保护中考虑到野生东北虎移位的可能性、加强东北虎及猎物的监测研究、建立社
边防居民一条龙制度、改善家畜的放牧方式以及积极寻求替代产业。

关键词: 珲春国家级自然保护区, 东北虎, 监测, 种群

Abstract: The Hunchun Nature Reserve,located near the boundaries of China with Russia and DPR Korea,is the only
national level reserve in China containing tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (P. pardus). Since its establishment in December 2001, tiger monitoring has been carried out in and around the reserve. Because tigers can easily cross boundaries over the course of a year,winter snow tracking alone is insufficient as the sole method ortigermonitoring. Thus, a passivetiger monitoring method was adopted to augment the existing winter survey. Passive monitoring relies primarily on information on tiger predation reported by local villagers and informants in 12 villages. We summarize tiger monitoring efforts during 2001 - 2006, analyze tiger occurrence frequency,number,and sex/ age ratios suggested by monitoring data,and make conservation suggestions. During winters 2003 - 2005, 50 routes of 5 -10 km length were monitored for tiger sign. As of the end of 2006,a total of 93 tiger occurrences had been recorded,of which one was a cub. Based on track records during 2002 -2006,we encountered tigers 7, 16, 9, 7, and 7 times respectively,and estimate the presence of 3, 10, 5, 4, and 5 individuals in those years. Based on winter tracking during 2003 - 2005, we estimated 7 male tigers in the area, one of which was a sub-adult. Our results suggest that males outnumbered females,and speculate that this resulted from male tigers tending to disperse and hunt livestock. However,our results were affected by monitoring conditions,methodological limitations,and variable intensity of effort;. over half of all data lacked reliable footprint records. Thus our results are only capable of providing an incomplete reflection of tiger status in this area. We suggest enhancing transboudary conservation efforts by building corridors,considering translocations,conducting in-depth tiger and ungulate monitoring and research,
building a system to help local communities and armies become better involved in conservation,and helping local communities change their methods of livestock grazing and seek alternative livelihoods.

Key words: Amur tiger (Panthera tigris), Hunchun Nature Reserve, Monitoring, Population