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日本‘猴灾’的形成与管理策略的研究进展—— 对中国的启迪

张鹏, 渡边邦夫   

  1. Primate Research Institute,Kyoto University,Aichi 484-8506,Japan
  • 出版日期:2009-03-09 发布日期:2009-03-08

The enlightenment to China:the current situation of macaque crop damage in Japan and research progresses in macaque management

ZHANG Peng,Kunio Watanabe   

  1. Primate Research Institut e,Kyoto Universit y,Aichi 484-8506,Japan
  • Online:2009-03-09 Published:2009-03-08

摘要: 日本是分布有野生灵长类动物的发达国家,面临着与中国相似的猴灾威胁。借鉴日本对猴灾管理方面的
技术和研究,有利于推动中国在相关领域的研究和提高野生动物管理水平。为此本文简述了日本猴灾出现的经
纬,分析了猴灾出现的环境、社会背景,并介绍了日本在猴灾防除技术和管理策略方面的研究进展。猴灾防除
技术可以分为设置物理壁障和心理壁障两大部分:设置物理壁障包括利用电网、围网等方式防止猴群进入农田,
设置心理壁障包括利用爆音器、爆竹、狗、超声波、味嗅觉厌恶等方式防止猴群进入农田。另外利用改变土地
利用、人工避孕和捕捉猴群的方式也可以减少猴灾发生。文中详细分析了这些防除技术的优缺点和在应用时需
要注意的问题。在猴灾管理方面,作者提出了理论层面的管理模式和行政层面的管理方式,并建议加强人与野
生动物共存的管理方式。

关键词: 日本猕猴, 猴灾, 灵长类动物行为, 野生动物管理

Abstract: Japan is facing the problems of monkey crop damage as serious as China and many other primate range countries. An introduction of Japanese studies on macaque crop damage and associated management techniques may improve the relative studies
in China and reduce the human-wildlife conflicts. Therefore,the paper reviewes the history,social and ecological backgrounds, and current management technologies of monkey crop damage in Japan. The management technologies are summarized in two categories: emplacing physical barriers and emplacing psychological barriers. The applying conditions of these barriers are described. In order to polish the Chinese policy of wildlife management,the paper provided the management models from theoretical perspective and executive perspective respectively,and emphasized the coexistence of man and wildlife in China.

Key words: Behaviors of non-human primates, Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), Monkey crop damage, Wildlife management