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高原鼠兔种群生产量生态学的研究Ⅲ.高原鼠兔生命率非密度制约与密度制约的种群动态趋势

刘季科, 聂海燕   

  1. 中国科学院高原生物研究所,西宁
  • 出版日期:2006-07-27 发布日期:2007-07-20

STUDIES ON THE P0PULATION PRODUCTIVITY ECOLOGY OF PLATEAU PIKA Ⅲ .TREND OF POPULATION DYNAM ICS IN PLATEAU PIKA WITHDENSITY_INDEPENDENT AND DENSITY—DEPENDENT VITAL RATES

LIU Jike, NIE Haiyan   

  • Online:2006-07-27 Published:2007-07-20

摘要: 本文以高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)自然种群生命表的统计参数为基础,根据非密度制约Leslie模型及具有密度制约反馈的标准Leslie修正模型,分别预测了该种群在1982-2001年间的发展趋势。在菲密度制约条件下,该种群呈指数增长。在密度制约存在肘,种群增长趋于平衡状态,且存滔率密度制约较繁殖率密度制约对种群的作用更大。存活率密度制约与非密度制约的年龄结构均为Leslie分布,繁殖率密度制约作用的种群稳定年龄分布更平均,其平衡状态的种群大小则由模型的参数决定。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 生命率, 密度制约, 非密度制约, 平衡状态种群

Abstract: This article predicted the trend of population dynamics in plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). using density-independent Leslie model and standard Leslie m odel which is modified so as to incorporate density—dependent feedback control on each parameter of the standard projection matrix.
The population number increase exponentially in density—independent case,the model is
0.15 2.16 1.58 18
MN=1 0.39 0 0 l}4 l
0 0.30 0 J \1/

The age structures and the population numbers in the years of I982- 2001 are predicted by this matrix.
The principal eigenvalue of matrixM is £=1.195. the corresponding eigenvector is V = (O.68, 0.25,0.07),V is the stable age distribution of the population. The population dynam ics model in density—dependent case is
N(t+1)=M (t)N(t) (2)
the damping coefficients survival dam ping arid reproductive damping are chosen respectively
A1=A2=A3= (0,0 ,0)
B 0=B1=B 2=(1,1,1)x10-3 (3)
A1=A2=A3=(1,1,1)×10-3
B0= Bl=B2= (0,0,0) (4)
Under these two density damping conditions, the po pulation converges to a stable age distribution and a constant po pulation size,the principal eigenvalue is £(*)= 1.
The equilibrium population sizes are 101 and 176 respectively.The damping 0n survival is more effective than that on reprod uctive.The stable age distribution resulted by survival dam ping is identical with that predicted by the undamped mode1.Fertility damping results ia a flatter stable age—distribution than yielded by the undamped Leslie model, which are 0.66,0.26 aNd 0.08.

Key words: Plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae), Vital rates, Density-dependenb, Density-independent, Steady--state population