Abstract: The colony structure of the golden monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellanac Milne-Edwards, is composed of many"families" or "microcolonies". Every "microcolony"contains one stronger male,three to five females,some young under three years old and infants. This structure, using"microcolony" as the center of association may be related directly or indirectly to sexual behavior. There are fightings between adult males for hegemony of females and establishing a sequence of dominancy, Whenever the sequence has established, the"recognition"and the"tacit understanding"of the "principle of having property"are efficacious,then the males abide the sequence each other, and refrain from unnecessary fightings.Every natural colony has a fixed homerange, when two neighbourings meet in looking for food, they will go away quickly to different directions.The young males become adult about at seven years old,and the young females at four or five years old. The copulation season is in August, September, and October. the period of pregnancy is about six months,and the labor season is centralized in March, April and May. A learning experiment was carried out by teaching the youngs to take the sweet from different containers. that showed a higher ability of learning.