• • 上一篇    下一篇

褐家鼠挖掘活动对上海九段沙湿地植物群落与土壤水盐的影响

钟宇 刘奇 刘超飞 苏振兴 孙瑛 陈秀芝 郑麟 陈珉   

  1. 华东师范大学生命科学学院
  • 出版日期:2014-02-21 发布日期:2014-02-21

The impacts of burrowing activities of introduced Rattus norvegicus on plant communities and moisture content and salinity of topsoil in Jiuduan- sha Wetland,Shanghai

ZHONG Yu,LIU Qi,LIU Chaofei,SU Zhenxing,SUN Ying,CHEN Xiuzhi,ZHENG Lin,CHEN Min   

  • Online:2014-02-21 Published:2014-02-21

摘要: 上海九段沙是长江口的新生岛洲,目前处于草本植物群落演替阶段。为了探讨登岛褐家鼠的挖掘活动对九段沙湿地植物群落与土壤水盐的影响,我们调查了褐家鼠洞穴区的植物盖度、密度、高度、重要值、物种丰富度、物种均匀度、物种多样性、表层土壤含水量和电导率等与对照区的差异;同时,通过调查褐家鼠洞穴与潮沟在空间位置上的关系探讨了褐家鼠的栖息地选择策略。结果表明:在单一芦苇群落中,洞穴区芦苇的高度和盖度显著低于对照;在芦苇和海三棱藨草混合群落中,洞穴区芦苇的密度、相对密度、重要值和群落总盖度显著低于对照,而洞穴区海三棱藨草的密度、盖度、相对密度、相对高度和重要值显著高于对照;在碱菀和互花米草优势群落中,洞穴区碱菀的相对密度、相对盖度、重要值和群落的物种多样性指数显著高于对照,而互花米草的密度和盖度、芦苇的盖度、高度和相对盖度以及群落总盖度显著低于对照。距洞穴区中心区域洞口不同距离梯度的表层土壤含水量和电导率差异均显著。褐家鼠偏向于将洞穴营造在邻近潮沟处,这有利于提高褐家鼠在九段沙湿地的适应能力。褐家鼠的挖掘活动有利于增加碱菀和互花米草优势群落的物种多样性,会降低植物群落总盖度和表层土壤的水盐含量,对九段沙湿地植物群落的组成与演替具有重要影响。

关键词: 九段沙湿地, 褐家鼠, 植物群落, 土壤水盐, 影响

Abstract: Jiuduansha,currently in the succession stage of herbaceous plant community,are newly emerged islands in the Yangtze River estuary,and it was confirmed in 2008 that Rattus norvegicus had colonized the Jiuduansha Wetland. In order to know the effects of burrowing activities of introduced Rattus norvegicus on plant communities and soil in the Jiuduansha Wetland,we measured plant coverage,plant density,plant height,plant species importance value,plant species richness, plant species evenness,plant species diversity,moisture content and electroconductibility of topsoil between burrowing and non-burrowing areas. We also investigated the spatial relationship of burrowing locations and tidal creeks to explore the habitat selection strategy of Rattus norvegicus. The results showed that the burrowing activities of Rattus norvegicus reduced the coverage and height of Phragmites australis within Phragmites australis monoculture communities;and reduced the density, relative density,community coverage and importance value of Phragmites australis while increasing the density,coverage,relative density,relative height and importance value of Scirpus mariqueter in Phragmites australis-Scirpus mariqueter mixed
communities;and increased the relative density,relative coverage and importance value of Tripolium vulgare and community species diversity while reducing the density and coverage of Spartina alterniflora and community coverage in Tripolium vulgare and Spartina alterniflora dominated communities. The burrowing activities of Rattus norvegicus reduced moisture content and electroconductibility of topsoil. Rattus norvegicus prefer to burrow near the edge of tidal creeks,which may contribute to its fitness. Introduced Rattus norvegicus could affect vegetation structure and succession of Jiuduansha by burrowing.

Key words: Impacts, Jiuduansha Wetland, Moisture content and salinity of topsoil, Plant community, Rattus norvegicus