兽类学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 466-475.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150307

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利用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园（青海片区）兽类和鸟类多样性

薛亚东1 李佳2 胡杨3 马莉4 钱卫强5 严频发5 杨明伟6 陈大祥6 吴波2 李迪强1   

  1. （1中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，国家林业和草原局生物多样性重点实验室，北京100091）
    （2中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所，北京 100091）
    （3 新疆林业学校，乌鲁木齐 830026）
    （4 青海省大通县水务局，大通 810100）
    （5 青海省祁连山自然保护区森林公安局，西宁 810000）
    （6 云南铜壁关省级自然保护区管护局，德宏 678400）
  • 出版日期:2019-07-30 发布日期:2019-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 李迪强 E-mail: lidq@caf.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助（2017YFC0506405）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2018M631624）；中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（CAFYBB2019ZE003，CAFYBB2018ZD001）

Camera-trapping survey of the mammals and birds in the Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area), China
 

XUE Yadong1, LI Jia2, HU Yang3, MA Li4, QIAN Weiqiang5, YAN Pinfa5,YANG Mingwei6, CHEN Daxiang6, WU Bo2, LI Diqiang1   

  1. (1 Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, and the Key laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of
    Forestry, Beijing 100091, China)
      (2 Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China )
    (3 Xinjiang Forestry School, Urumqi 830026, China)
    (4 Water Resources Bureau of Datong County, Qinghai Province, Datong 810100, China)
    (5 Forest Public Security of Qilianshan Nature Reserve, Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China)
    (6 Yunnan Tongbiguan Bureau of Provincial Nature Reserve, Dehong 678400, China)
  • Online:2019-07-30 Published:2019-07-25

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摘要：

2017年5—9月，采用红外相机调查祁连山国家公园（青海片区）兽类和鸟类多样性。共布设154个相机位点，累计12 096个相机日，共获得9 675张有效独立照片，鉴定为23种野生兽类和50种野生鸟类物种，分别隶属5目10科和9目19科，另记录到家畜5种。相对多度指数最高的前5种野生动物依次为岩羊（Pseudois nayaur）（18.23）、喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）（15.98）、灰尾兔（Lepus oiostolus）（5.06）、红嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax）（3.39）、高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）（2.49）。中国特有物种有荒漠猫（Felis bieti）、白唇鹿（Gervus albirostris）、西藏马鹿（Cervus wallichii）、藏原羚（Procapra picticaudata）、红耳鼠兔（Ochotana erythrotis）、蓝马鸡（Crossoptilon auritum）和地山雀（Pseudopodoces humilis）7种。国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物有4种，国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物有20种；被中国脊椎动物红色名录评估为极危、濒危、易危、近危的物种分别有1种、6种、3种、14种。红外相机调查结果反映出祁连山国家公园（青海片区）兽类和鸟类现状，为祁连山国家公园体制试点生物多样性保护和管理提供基础数据。

关键词: 物种名录, 生物多样性编目, 濒危物种, 相对多度指数, 国家公园

Abstract:

Camera traps were installed to investigate mammalian and avian species diversity in the Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area), China，from May to September 2017. This study consisted of an intensive survey effort of 12,096 camera days at 154 locations. We collected 9,675 independent photographs representing 23 species of wild mammals belonging to 10 families and 5 orders, 50 species of wild birds belonging to 19 families and 9 orders, and 5 domestic animal species. The five most abundant species were Pseudois nayaur (18.23), Marmota himalayana (15.98), Lepus oiostolus (5.06), Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (3.39) and Ochotona curzoniae (2.49). Among the detected species, 4 are listed as Class I state key protected wild animals in China and 20 as Class II. One species is classified as Critically Endangered by the Red List of China’s Vertebrates, 6 are classified as Endangered, 3 are classified as Vulnerable and 14 are classified as Near Threatened. Seven of the photographed species are endemic to China and include Felis bieti, Gervus albirostris, Cervus wallichii, Procapra picticaudata, Ochotana erythrotis, Crossoptilon auritum and Pseudopodoces humilis. Our results provide a comprehensive baseline of the wildlife present in the Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area) to be used for biodiversity management and conservation purposes.

Key words: Species list, Biodiversity inventory, Endangered species, Relative abundance index, National Park

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