不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征与SERT基因多态性关联

doi:10.16829/j.slxb.150702

兽类学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 540-552.DOI: 10.16829/j.slxb.150702

不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征与SERT基因多态性关联

朱红娟¹^,²^,³(), 李婧¹^,²^,³, 王苏芹¹^,²^,³, 唐琦⁴, 蓝贤勇⁴, 曲家鹏¹^,²^,⁵()

^1.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁 810001
^2.青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室，西宁 810001
^3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^4.西北农林科技大学动物科技学院，杨凌 712100
^5.青海三江源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，西宁 810001

收稿日期:2022-06-10 接受日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2022-09-30 发布日期:2022-09-21
通讯作者: 曲家鹏
作者简介:朱红娟 (1996- )，女，硕士研究生，主要从事动物生态学研究. E-mail: zhuhongjuan@nwipb.cas.cn
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK05010212);国家自然科学基金(31770459);中国科学院“西部之光”创新交叉团队项目;青海省自然科学基金(2021-ZJ-929);三江源国家公园联合专项(THZX-2020-01)

Association between personality and SERT gene polymorphisms in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) at different altitudes

Hongjuan ZHU¹^,²^,³(), Jing LI¹^,²^,³, Suqin WANG¹^,²^,³, Qi TANG⁴, Xianyong LAN⁴, Jiapeng QU¹^,²^,⁵()

^1.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
^2.Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^4.College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
^5.Sanjiangyuan Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Xining 810001, China

Received:2022-06-10 Accepted:2022-08-22 Online:2022-09-30 Published:2022-09-21
Contact: Jiapeng QU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

个性特征是指动物个体间稳定、可遗传的行为差异，与相关基因多态性有关，反映了动物对环境的适应模式，探究个性相关基因变异，将有助于更好地理解动物对环境的适应与进化机制。本文以高原鼠兔 (Ochotona curzoniae) 为对象，研究了5个不同海拔地区高原鼠兔的个性 (探究性、勇敢性和温顺性) 差异特征，并检测了个性相关基因5-羟色胺转运体 (SERT) 的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 和mRNA表达。结果发现，高海拔地区高原鼠兔的探究性和勇敢性显著高于低海拔地区，而高海拔地区高原鼠兔SERT基因mRNA表达量显著低于低海拔地区，提示不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征差异可能与SERT基因mRNA表达有所关联。进一步检测不同海拔地区高原鼠兔SERT基因多态性及其分布差异情况，发现该基因存在6个SNP (其中5个位于外显子3，1个位于外显子5 )；不同海拔地区鼠兔基因分布差异分析显示外显子5的c.A1063C 同义突变与海拔之间存在显著相关，高海拔地区该位点CC基因型分布频率显著高于低海拔地区；c.A1063C的基因型虽然与探究性、勇敢性无显著相关，但与温顺性显著相关。综上所述，随着海拔升高，高原鼠兔探究性和勇敢性增加，这有利于动物获取更多的食物资源，进而增加其生存机会。与此同时，SERT基因多态性显示与不同海拔地区的生存环境相适应的特征，且与温顺性有关，暗示不同海拔高原鼠兔个性差异可能与SERT基因SNP的差异有关。本研究从基因表达与突变的角度尝试阐述高原鼠兔适应不同海拔环境的行为差异，显示了不同海拔地区高原鼠兔行为生存策略潜在的分子机制。

关键词: 个性特征, 海拔, 5-羟色胺转运体, 高原鼠兔

Abstract:

Given the stable and heritable individual differences in animal behaviors, personality is associated with the polymorphisms of related genes and reflects the adaptation patterns of animals to variable environments. Exploring the variations in personality-related genes will contribute to the improved understanding of the evolutionary and adaptation mechanisms of animals’ response to environments. In this study, we used plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) inhabiting five altitudinal regions of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau as study objects to determine their personality variations, explore the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of serotonin transporter (SERT) and personality, and obtain the expression level of the SERT gene. Results showed that the exploration and boldness of pikas at high altitudes were significantly higher than those at low altitudes, whereas the expression level of SERT at high altitudes was significantly lower than that at low altitudes, suggesting that the personality of pikas in different altitudes might be correlated with the mRNA expression of the SERT gene. Furthermore, SERT gene polymorphisms and their distribution differences among different altitudes were detected. Six SNP mutations were detected in the SERT gene (5 and 1 SNP mutations were located in exons 3 and 5, respectively). Significant correlations between c.A1063C synonymous mutation in exon 5 and altitudes were observed, suggesting that the distribution frequencies of the CC genotype of c.A1063C at high altitudes were significantly higher than those at low altitudes. No significant correlation between c.A1063C genotypes and exploration or boldness was observed, whereas significant correlations between c.A1063C genotypes and docility were detected. Our results suggested that with increasing altitude, the exploration and boldness of plateau pikas increased for food resource and survival opportunities to adapt to environments at different altitudes and that the difference in docility might be related to the synonymous mutation of exon 5 of the SERT gene c.A1063C. This study attempted to elaborate on the differences in personality of plateau pikas adapted to different altitudes from the perspective of gene expression and mutation, providing the potential molecular mechanism of plateau pika’s behavioral strategies at different altitudes.

Key words: Personality, Altitude, Serotonin transporter, Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)

中图分类号:

Q346.7

朱红娟, 李婧, 王苏芹, 唐琦, 蓝贤勇, 曲家鹏. 不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征与SERT基因多态性关联[J]. 兽类学报, 2022, 42(5): 540-552.

Hongjuan ZHU, Jing LI, Suqin WANG, Qi TANG, Xianyong LAN, Jiapeng QU. Association between personality and SERT gene polymorphisms in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) at different altitudes[J]. ACTA THERIOLOGICA SINICA, 2022, 42(5): 540-552.

图/表 11

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序列名称Primer names	序列（5′‒3′） Sequences （5′‒3′）	温度 Tm （^oC）	长度 Length （bp）	功能 Function
P1	F1： AAGTTTATTCGCCGGCACG	Touch-down	249	Exon 1 amplification
P1	R1： GTACAAAGTAAGCGTGGGCT	Touch-down	249	Exon 1 amplification
P2	F2： CCACCAACTCACACACACCT	Touch-down	332	Exon 2 amplification
P2	R2： CCCACGAACTGCAAACACAG	Touch-down	332	Exon 2 amplification
P3	F3： ACCCAACTCAAGGGACATGC	Touch-down	665	Exon 3 amplification
P3	R3： CCGACTGTGGCTCTTGGATT	Touch-down	665	Exon 3 amplification
P4	F4： AAGACCAGGAAGCAAGGTGG	Touch-down	966	Exon 4 and exon 5 amplification
P4	R4： AGCCTGCTGGAAGAGAGTTG	Touch-down	966	Exon 4 and exon 5 amplification
P5	F5： CCTGTGGTGCAGAGTCCTTT	Touch-down	1 284	Exon 6， exon 7 and exon 8 amplification
P5	R5： TTTAGGCTTTGCTCAGGCCA	Touch-down	1 284	Exon 6， exon 7 and exon 8 amplification
P6	F6： CACCTCGGAACTGTCTCACC	Touch-down	1 243	Exon 9 and exon 10 amplification
P6	R6： GTCCACTTCCCTCCTCATGC	Touch-down	1 243	Exon 9 and exon 10 amplification
P7	F7： AGGGAGGTGCCCTTACAGAT	Touch-down	400	Exon 11 amplification
P7	R7： GCCTCTGACGACCACAAAGA	Touch-down	400	Exon 11 amplification
P8	F8： CCAGGTTTGTGGGCTCCTTT	Touch-down	987	Exon 12 and exon 13 amplification
P8	R8： TCTGGTAAGCGTGTAGGGCT	Touch-down	987	Exon 12 and exon 13 amplification
P9	F9： GGAAATATGGCACGTCTTGGG	Touch-down	491	Exon 14 amplification
P9	R9： GGCACCCAAATCCCACTGTA	Touch-down	491	Exon 14 amplification
P10	F10： GCTACTACACCAGGCACAGA	Touch-down	927	Exon 15 amplification
P10	R10： GTGAAGTGCAGCAAAGCCAA	Touch-down	927	Exon 15 amplification

序列名称Primer names	序列（5′‒3′） Sequences （5′‒3′）	温度 Tm （^oC）	长度 Length （bp）	功能 Function
P1	F1： AAGTTTATTCGCCGGCACG	Touch-down	249	Exon 1 amplification
P1	R1： GTACAAAGTAAGCGTGGGCT	Touch-down	249	Exon 1 amplification
P2	F2： CCACCAACTCACACACACCT	Touch-down	332	Exon 2 amplification
P2	R2： CCCACGAACTGCAAACACAG	Touch-down	332	Exon 2 amplification
P3	F3： ACCCAACTCAAGGGACATGC	Touch-down	665	Exon 3 amplification
P3	R3： CCGACTGTGGCTCTTGGATT	Touch-down	665	Exon 3 amplification
P4	F4： AAGACCAGGAAGCAAGGTGG	Touch-down	966	Exon 4 and exon 5 amplification
P4	R4： AGCCTGCTGGAAGAGAGTTG	Touch-down	966	Exon 4 and exon 5 amplification
P5	F5： CCTGTGGTGCAGAGTCCTTT	Touch-down	1 284	Exon 6， exon 7 and exon 8 amplification
P5	R5： TTTAGGCTTTGCTCAGGCCA	Touch-down	1 284	Exon 6， exon 7 and exon 8 amplification
P6	F6： CACCTCGGAACTGTCTCACC	Touch-down	1 243	Exon 9 and exon 10 amplification
P6	R6： GTCCACTTCCCTCCTCATGC	Touch-down	1 243	Exon 9 and exon 10 amplification
P7	F7： AGGGAGGTGCCCTTACAGAT	Touch-down	400	Exon 11 amplification
P7	R7： GCCTCTGACGACCACAAAGA	Touch-down	400	Exon 11 amplification
P8	F8： CCAGGTTTGTGGGCTCCTTT	Touch-down	987	Exon 12 and exon 13 amplification
P8	R8： TCTGGTAAGCGTGTAGGGCT	Touch-down	987	Exon 12 and exon 13 amplification
P9	F9： GGAAATATGGCACGTCTTGGG	Touch-down	491	Exon 14 amplification
P9	R9： GGCACCCAAATCCCACTGTA	Touch-down	491	Exon 14 amplification
P10	F10： GCTACTACACCAGGCACAGA	Touch-down	927	Exon 15 amplification
P10	R10： GTGAAGTGCAGCAAAGCCAA	Touch-down	927	Exon 15 amplification

名称 Names	序列（5′‒3′） Sequences （5′‒3′）	长度 Length （bp）
P1-SERT	F： AGACATCCGCTTGAACG	176
P1-SERT	R： TGGGCACCATAGTCTTCT	176
P2-GAPDH	F： AGGGCTGCTTTCAACTCTGG	137
P2-GAPDH	R： CCGTTCTCAGCCTTCACTGT	137

名称 Names	序列（5′‒3′） Sequences （5′‒3′）	长度 Length （bp）
P1-SERT	F： AGACATCCGCTTGAACG	176
P1-SERT	R： TGGGCACCATAGTCTTCT	176
P2-GAPDH	F： AGGGCTGCTTTCAACTCTGG	137
P2-GAPDH	R： CCGTTCTCAGCCTTCACTGT	137

行为特征 Behavioral characteristics	PC1	PC2
移动累计距离 Accumulated distance traveled	0.734	0.594
移动累计时间 Accumulated movement time	0.762	0.466
中心区活动频率 Central zone activity frequency	0.877	0.294
中心区活动时间 Central zone activity time	0.769	-0.562
边缘区活动频率 Frequency of limbic activity	0.793	0.431
边缘区活动时间 Time of limbic activity	-0.685	0.615
中心区活动累计距离 Cumulative distance of activity in central zone	-0.702	0.203
边缘区活动累计距离 Limbic distance of activity in central zone	0.777	-0.507
特征值 Characteristic value	4.67	1.84
累计解释方差 Cumulative explained variance	58.42%	22.94%

不同海拔高原鼠兔个性特征与SERT基因多态性关联

Association between personality and SERT gene polymorphisms in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) at different altitudes

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Metrics

突变 Mutation	样本量 Sample size	基因型 Genotype	基因型频率 Genotype frequency	等位基因频率 Allele frequency	纯和度 Ho	杂合度 He	多态信息含量 PIC	P值 P value
c.A1063C	94	AA	0.200	0.295 （A）	0.584	0.416	0.329	0.010
		AC	0.189	0.705 （C）
		CC	0.611
c.C294T	50	CC	0.740	0.830 （C）	0.717	0.282	0.242	0.082
		CT	0.180	0.170 （T）
		TT	0.080
c.G341A	50	AA	0.120	0.280 （A）	0.600	0.403	0.322	0.312
		GA	0.320	0.720 （G）
		GG	0.560
c.C392T	50	CC	0.740	0.850 （C）	0.745	0.255	0.223	0.067
		CT	0.220	0.150 （T）
		TT	0.040
c.C422T	50	CC	0.860	0.920 （C）	0.853	0.147	0.136	0.308
		CT	0.120	0.080 （T）
		TT	0.020
c.T439C	50	CC	0.380	0.550 （C）	0.505	0.495	0.373	0.962
		TC	0.340	0.450 （T）
		TT	0.280

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