Abstract: Foping National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi is characterized by habitats adopted by many rare and endangered animal species including the giant panda and the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey. Since the late 1990s, the State Forestry Administration of the People's Republic of China started implementing a specific protection project, the Natural Forest Protection Project, which, in addition to enhancing reserve protection, featured local governments carriying out a series of supplementary projects aimed at promoting developments in agriculture, industry and economy – which have remarkably upgraded life standards of the locals. In order to assess whether simultaneously such projects have improved conservation status of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), and perhaps other animals as well, we carried out a broad field survey in order to get the monkeys’ spatial-temporal distribution patterns and census data; and retrospectively reviewed similar records since 1999 from academic publications and the archives kept in the Reserve and by local governments. The results indicate that both population size has increased (from less than 500 to about 671 individuals) and habitat areas have been significantly extended (from 147.8 to 236.5 km2), with an increasing tendency of approaching lower altitude areas, particularly in autumn (1680±304 meters above sea level), getting closer to agricultural regions (less than 1200 meters above sea level); and the monkeys much prefer habitats with evergreen broad-leaf forest (40.11%)  and deciduous broad-leaf forest (38.41%), but less prefer scrub-grassland and bamboo. Thus, the study implies that the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project and the improvements of local agriculture, economy and local life standards have significantly reduced the interference of humans with wildlife habitats, and improved the quality of natural habitat conservation and ecological environment adopted by the monkeys. Therefore, what has been done in Foping has established an ideal model showing how nature reserves and wild animals can be effectively protected through integral and systematic endeavours in which local agriculture, economy and life quality, wild habits and animals are mutually considered and improved.

Key words: Rhinopithecus roxellana, Population quantity, Dynamic Status, Conservation policy

摘要： 陕西佛坪国家级保护区是我国最重要的自然保护区之一，包括大熊猫、金丝猴在内的很多珍稀濒危物种分布其中。20世纪90年代后期，全国林业开始实施“天然林保护工程”，这对佛坪保护区当地的农业、工业、经济发展和生活质量产生了很大的影响。为了探究“天然林保护工程”对野生川金丝猴的保护产生何种影响，我们于2015年至2016年采用访问调查和实地踏查方法对佛坪保护区20世纪90年代至今的川金丝猴种群动态变化进行研究，结果发现不论是种群数量 (从少于500只增至671只左右) 还是栖息地面积 (从147.8 km2增至236.5 km2) 都明显增长; 家域范围随着年代的推移向低海拔位置扩大 (秋季平均海拔为1680m±304m)，越来越靠近人类；川金丝猴在家域范围内，对常绿阔叶林和落叶阔叶林有明显的选择偏好，活动比例分别达到了40.11%和38.41%。实施“天然林保护工程”后，当地农业开发和经济活动在逐渐转型，减少了人类活动对野生动物栖息地的干扰，提升了栖息地保护的质量和生态环境。因此，此项工程的实施在该地区川金丝猴保护方面表现出积极的效果，促进了当地金丝猴栖息地的改善，种群数量得以增加扩大，是一个野生动物保护的成功案例。

关键词: 川金丝猴, 种群数量, 种群动态, 保护政策