Abstract: Takin ( Budorcas taxicolor) is a large rare animal endemic to Asian continent. It belongs to Bovidae in Artiodactyla and mainly distributes in China and some locations of Burma , India , Nepal and Bhutan. Takin is currently threatened seriously by habitat loss , fragmentation and human activities. In order to develop adequate conservation and scientific management strategies for effectively protecting this endangered species , it is important to understand population genetic structure , evolutionary history and genetic diversity of takin. Based on mtDNA D-Loop 330 base pairs analysis , we investigated the population genetic structure , molecular phylogeography , and genetic diversity of 40 takins sampled from Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province , southern Gansu Province , Min Mountains and Qionglai Mountains in Sichuan Province , and Gong Mountains in Yunnan Province.According to sample distribution , they can be divided into three geographic units , i.e. , Qingling , Sichuan and Yunnan. The results indicated that there were only 4 haplotypes in takin samples without sharing haplotype among three geographic units. The average divergence within the 4 haplotypes was 1.66 %. Furthermore , the AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) analysis and phylogenetic trees also indicated that there was a significant genetic subdivision ( P < 0.000 1) and relatively lower gene flow among geographic units.There was an obvious molecular phylogeographic pattern in takin samples. We suggested that the distribution pattern resulted fromlong-term geographical barriers and the considerable climatic fluctuation in Pleistocene. Thus , we also suggested that the four haplotypes (Qingling , Sichuan 1 , Sichuan 2 , and Yunnan) may be considered as 4 different management units and need to be conserved.

Key words: Takin ( Budorcas taxicolor), Molecular phylogeography, Population genetic structure, Genetic diversity, Conservation

摘要： 羚牛是亚洲大陆一种特有的大型珍稀动物, 目前正面临着栖息地丧失、片段化和人类活动的严重威胁。为了有效地保护这种濒危动物, 全面了解羚牛的种群结构、进化历史和整个分布区内遗传多样性的分布是至关重要的。本研究以mtDNA D-loop 330 bp 基因片段为分子标记, 比较分析了来自陕西秦岭、甘肃南部、四川岷山、邛崃山和云南贡山的40 个样品的序列差异, 根据分布特点将所采集到的羚牛分为3 个地理单元, 即秦岭、四川和云南。结果表明, 在3 个地理单元中存在4 种单倍型, 且地理单元间不存在共享单倍型, 相互单倍型之间的平均序列差异为1.66 %。进一步分析表明, 3 个地理单元间的基因流较低, 存在着显著的遗传分化, 说明羚牛具有明显的系统地理分布格局。同时提出应将分布于秦岭山区、唐家河青川地区、天全以及云南贡山地区作为独立的管理单元分别加以保护。

关键词: 羚牛, 分子系统地理学, 种群遗传结构, 遗传多样性, 保护