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Geographical Variations of Skull Morphology in Red Deer(Cervus elaphus) in Xinjiang, China

Mahtmut.ALIKI,Anwar.TUMUR,Omar.ABLIZ, Noriyuki Ohtaishi   

  • Online:2006-02-24 Published:2008-07-07

中国新疆马鹿亚种头骨形态的地理变化

马合木提·哈力克,艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔,吾玛尔·阿不力孜,Noriyuki Ohtaishi   

  1. 新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐

Abstract: There are 3 subspecies of red deer in Xinjiang. The data of skull morphology on Cerrnrs elaphus yarkoodensis, Cenrus elaphia songaricus, Cermrs elaphus sibiricus were reported in this paper, which involved the measurement and comparison of skul variables of the 3 subspecies. Measured variables include the greatest length of the cranium, facial lengl,greatest length of the nasals, median frontal length, greatest inner width m inhambital gland fossa, condylobasal length: aboml border of the occipital condyles-Prosthion, Graetest palatal breadth, premolare-prosihion length, zygomatic breadth, aboral height of the comnoid pmcess-gomon ventrale-Common, aboml height of the vertical minus: gonion venuale-highest point of the condyle process, diastenia height, Height of the mandible in brut of P2, height of mandible behind M3. All variables measured werecompared respectively between the 3 subspecies. The results showed that: 1) The deer hour the Altai tended to have greater length and height of skull mid smaller width than that fmrn the Tarim. 2) Skuls of the Tiaushan were intermediate between Tarim and Altai, but there tended to be no significant difference. 3) The skal morphological measurements of die Altai and Tiarshan subspecies were close to each other, and the Tarim sanple was located rather distant from the former two. The variations of the skul morphological char, actem of reel deer in Xinjang are caused mainly by habitat and climatic diferences of these subspecies. Altai and Tiaushan subspee: ies inhabit in the, coniferous forests with a cold climate, whereas that of the Tarim inhabit the riparian poplar forests along the river in desert region, which become very ha in summer. The morphological similarities between red deer Grnn the Altai and Tianshan may reflect similarities in habitats, while the unique morphological characteristics of the Tarim red deer may reflect adaptations to a desert climate. Therefore, the Tarim subspecies is unique and should he protected.

Key words: Geographical variations, Skul morphology, Xinjiang red deer

摘要: 新疆马鹿(Cervus elaphus)有3个亚种(塔里木亚种C. e. yakandensis、天山亚种C. e. songaricus和阿勒泰亚种C.e.sibirictus )。本文报道新疆马鹿3个亚种头骨形态学特征描述和14项形态学指标测定。被测定的指标主要有颅全长(GLC),颜面长(FL),鼻骨全长(GIN),前头长(MFL),眼窝长(OFW),基底全长(CBL),口盖最大幅(GPB),前臼齿间距离(Pm—P), 眼间最小幅(ZB),筋突起高(CH),关筋突起高(LH),牙齿间隙裂高(DH),前下领骨高(HMP2 ),后下颗骨高(HMM3),采用主成分分析并在这3个亚种之间进行了比较。结果表明:1) 阿勒泰亚种的头骨长度和高度值比塔里木亚种大,宽度值比塔里木亚种小;2) 天山亚种的头骨大小一般处在塔里木亚种和阿勒泰亚种的中间,但三者之间没有显著性差异;3) 阿勒泰亚种和天山亚种的头骨形态测量数据比较接近,塔里木亚种的头骨形态比较特殊(塔里木亚种的头骨短而宽,明显区别于其他两亚种的特征) 。在新疆导致马鹿3个亚种头骨形态差异的主要因素有栖息地环境和气候因素的差异。阿勒泰亚种和天山亚种栖息在大陆性气候寒冷区的针叶林中,冬天气候比较寒冷;塔里木亚种栖息在大陆性气候温热区的塔里木河流域胡杨林中,气候干旱炎热。因此,阿勒泰和天山亚种在适应寒冷的气候并适应生软食物的食性过程中头骨变成长细,而塔里木亚种长期适应干早炎热并适应生硬食物的食性使头骨变的短而宽。

关键词: 地理变异, 头骨形态, 新疆马鹿