Abstract: The four species of the genus Rattus were used as the in group and the two species of the genus Apodemus were used as the outgroup. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD ) of kidney and liver extract were examined. The obtained results showed that the variability of subun it B of LDH is different from subun it A in evolution. The former has characteristic of genus (Rattus or Apodemus) , the latter has characteristic of the species. It is based on that the mobilit ies of subun it B (LDH) are the same among the four species in the Rattus group , or also the same between two
species in the Apodemus group. However the former is faster than the latter. It is also based on that the migratory velocity of subun it A (LDH-5) are changed with the different species in the same genus (Rattus or Apodemus). Them obilities of subun it C (LDH-X) are also changed with species. For example, the LDH-X zone of R. rattoides is located between its LDH-3 and LDH-4, The ones of R. niviventer and R. norvegicus are located between its LDH-4 and LDH-5, the one of R. edwardsi is far from LDH-5 toward cathode.
For each species there are three SOD zones that their mobilities are different from species to species. The migratory velo sities of the three zones are changed coordinately.
The phenetic analysis of the biochemical data suggested that R. ra ttoides with R.f lavipectus or with R. norveg icus are allied in system at ics and that R. edwardsiis closer to A . agrarius than the other four species of Rattus group.

Key words: Muridae, Biochemical systematies, Lactate dehydrogenase, Superoxide diamutase

摘要： 用电泳比较分析了鼠科动物6个种的组织LDH 同工酶的A、B、C 亚基和SOD 同工酶位点的种属差异。结果表明, LDH 的A 和B 亚基在进化上的可变性程度不同。在被分析的2个属共6种鼠中, 首次发现B 亚基的结构具有属的特征, 同属的鼠种B 亚基泳动度相同, 在垂直凝胶电泳板上处于同一泳动线上。不同属的鼠其B 亚基泳动度不同, 家鼠属的鼠B 亚基比姬鼠属的泳动快; A 亚基的结构既有属的特性, 更具有种的特征, 同属不同种的鼠A 亚基泳动速度不同, 表现为LDH 同工酶带的间距不同。LDH 的C 亚基结构因鼠种不同而异, 由C 亚基组成的LDH2X 带黄毛鼠位于自身的LDH23和LDH24之间, 社鼠和褐家鼠此带位于自身的LDH24和LDH25之间, 白腹巨鼠此带位于自身的LDH25以外的阴极端, 与黑线姬鼠此带的位置特征相同。SOD 同工酶带只表现种的差异, 其3条带泳动速度的改变具有协同而变的共同特点。被分析的鼠种经配对法比较生化特征的相同程度, 初步表明黄毛鼠亲缘上与褐家鼠比较近, 白腹巨鼠亲缘上又比其余3种鼠更近于姬鼠属.

关键词: 鼠科动物, 生化分类, 超氧化物歧化酶, 乳酸脱氢酶