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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE BENGAL TIGER(PANTHERA TIGRIS TIGRIS) IN NAMCHA BARWA, SOUTHEASTERN TIBET

QIU Mingjang, ZHANG Ming, LIU Wulin   

  • Online:2006-06-29 Published:2008-07-07

西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区孟加拉虎的初步研究

邱明江, 张明, 刘务林   

  1. 中国科学院昆明动物研究所保护生物学中心,昆明

Abstract: Between May and June, September and October 1994, June and December 1995, we conducted a study on Bengal tigers in Namcha Barwa and adjacen tareas, southeastern Tibet. We determined the range of tigers and collected basic ecological information on this large predator. By tracking and independently investigating livestock predation around villages in Jinzhu Zangbu Valley, we confirmed the losses of 302 large livestock due to tiger predation between October 1993 and July 1995. A conservative estimate of the to tallive weight lost was 59881 kg, which averaged 2722 kg permonth, anequivalent to the monthly in take of 11 free-ranging tigers. Tiger predation affected all 12 villages and 62% households living in Jinzhu Zangbu Valley, with family loss rate of livestock ranging between 7.7% and 100%. Field observations suggest that, in addition to uncontrolled hunting, losses of low land fo rest to agriculture and pasture have resulted in dwindling of the food base for tigers in the region.

Key words: Tiger, Tibet, Distribution, Predation, Livestock

摘要: 1994年5~6月、9~10月及1995年6~12月, 作者对西藏东南部南迦巴瓦峰和邻近地区的孟加拉虎的分布及生态进行了野外调查, 初步弄清了该地区虎的现状。通过在墨脱县格当乡的抽样调查及跟踪观察虎的移动和觅食, 查明了金珠藏布江流域内近两年有关虎捕食大型牲畜的报告属实。1993年10月至1995年7月, 该河谷内因虎捕食共损失牛、马和骡302头, 估计活体总重量约59 881 kg, 平均月损失2 722 kg, 相当于自然状态下11 头虎的月进食量。全乡12 个村的牲畜均受到不同程度的影响, 受损的户数占该乡总户数的62% , 户牲畜损失率为7.7%~100%不等。对其它动物的调查表明, 虎大量捕食牲畜与低海拔河谷的开发和环境中虎的自然食物缺乏有关。

关键词: 虎, 西藏, 分布, 捕食, 牲畜