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THE DESIGN FOR THE EC0L0GlCAL MANAGEMENT OF BRANDT'S VOLE PEST AND ITS APPLICATION

ZHONG Wenqin, ZHOU Qingqiang, SUN Chonglu, WANG Guanghe, ZHOU Peiyi, LIU Wenzhi, JIA Yongping   

  • Online:2006-07-27 Published:2007-09-14

布氏田鼠鼠害生态治理方法的设计及其应用

周庆强, 王广和, 孙崇潞, 周丕义, 刘文智, 贾永平   

  1. 中国科学院动物研究所

Abstract: Brandt 's vole (M icrotus brandti) is the major pest rodent in the pasture of typical steppe in Inner mongolia, china. The investigations were carried out in Gongbaolag Sumu (41°43 ′N,115°09 ′E), Taibus Qi,Inner Mongolia in 1987- 1989.Field plot is aStipa krylovvi+Aneurolepidium chinense+Artemisia frigida pasture.
The authors had investigated the characteristics of babitat preference of Brandt's vole and the formation of its pest and the results had been showed: 1)Brandt's vole prefers the environment with short and spare vegetation,and the height of theherbs is the key factor for its habitat selection. 2) The degenerative vegetation caused by over grazing provides a advantage ecological condition for the formation and spread of the high-den-sity population of Brandt 's vole.The existence and spread of the degenerative vegetation are the main factors of the formation of Brandt's vole pest.
Based on the results mentioned above and on the principle of ecosystem the strategy for managing the vole pest by the main measure of adjusting the ecological economic relationships among the main components (grass,livestock and rodent) in the pasture was suggested.
The measure of raising herbage by fencing the pasture to protect and improve it had been used in the region for several years and the one third of available pasture in
Taibus Qi had been fenced in.However, Brandt's vole pest still existed severely in the fenced pasture.The average density of the vole populadon in September of 1986 was as high as 439.44 individuals/ha .
The method of ecological engineering to combine raising herbage and controlling rodent pest by means of the optimal management of theenclosure and the rotation of
grazingwas suggested to aim the rodent pest in the enclsures.The essential point of the method was that the beginning (June 5 ordinarily) of non-grazing in the enclosure was shifted with two weeks earlier by the arrangement of rotation grazing so that the effect of raising herbage in the enclosure was intensified and the inhabiting condintion of the Brandt 's vole was worsened.
The applications of the method in 352 ha.of the pasture with rodent pest in 1987-1989 showed that in the condition without poisoning method notonlycan control the Brandt's vole pest but alsocan recover the vegetation in the pasture with rodent pest, so that the ecological and economic benefit was gained and the ratio of input to output was 1:7 in the total of the three years.Even in the year with the increase of thedensity of Brandt's vole population and with the arid climate the ecological efect was still remarkable.For example,in 1987 the grass yield in the managed area was 39.61% higher than the unmanaged area and the population density of the Brand's vole was 78.16% lower .
The ecological management method,which was suggested in this paper,showed the role, which can not be substituted by other methods,in multi-level adjustment (prod-ucer-consumer), in the activation of the natural factors to inhibit the vole pest and in the increanent of ecological and economic effect in pasture.

Key words: Brandt's Vole (Microtus brandti), Rodent pest in pasture, Raise herbage in enclosure, ecological management, ecological engineering.

摘要: 布氏田鼠(Microtus brandti)是内蒙古典型草原区草场的主要害鼠。根据作者对该鼠栖息地选择特征及其为患形成原因的研究结果,针对当地围拦育草区的危害现状,从生态系统原理,提出以协同调整鼠害草场中主要成员(草-畜-鼠)生态经济结构关系为主的治理策略从优化围栏管理和轮牧途径组建了协调育草和治鼠的生态工程方法。1987-1989年经352公顷鼠害草场中应用的结果表明,在免除化学防治的条件下,此法不仅能长期有效地控制布氏田鼠鼠害,而且能从复壮鼠害草场植被的整体目标上获得综合的生态经济效益,三年投入与产出比达l:7。即使在该鼠种群数量趋于增长且气侯干旱的年份。 其生态效应仍相当明显如1987年治理区比对照区增产39.61%;布氏田鼠密度亦相应下降78.16% 。在实现多层次(生产者-消费者)的协同调整、有效发挥自然结构因子的综合控害功能以及提高草场整体的生态经济效益方面,显示了目前其他防治方法难以替代的作用。

关键词: 布氏田鼠, 草场鼠害, 圈拦育草, 生态治理, 生态工程