Abstract: A 419 bp fragment of the mitochondria cytochrome b gene was amplified and sequenced from serow' s dried skin samples of seven local populations in China. The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed including Japanese serow. Their sequence divergences were 0%--14.31%. It is suggested that serow could have a maternal ancestor about 4.7 million years ago. Serow evoluted originally from the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and then spreaded to surrounding area. Japanese serow may be the divergent consequence that Chinese serow population dispersed to the northeastern part from the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The divergence time of Luoza population was dated back 1.6 million years. After that time, a rapid radiation of serow might happened and serow dispersed to the wide range of Longzi (Tibet), Shanxi, Southern Anhui and Sichuan etc. The phylogenetic differentiation of Baiyu/Daofu Japanese and Luoza populations may approach or reach subspecie level. At least 3 ESUs were existed within the populations studied in China, and they should be managed separately so far, to maintain these distinct genetic units and their evoluting potential.

Key words: Capricornis sumatraensis, Molecular phylogeny, Mitochondrial DNA, Cytochrome b, Gene sequence analysis

摘要： 测定了鬣羚在中国的7 个地方种群的线粒体DNA细胞色素b基因的419 bp的片段序列，并分析了其序列差异，构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明：鬣羚各种群间的序列差异在0-14.31%。鬣羚种群最早在大约5.7百万年有共同的母系祖先，并且在中国最早可能是从青藏高原东南缘的区域开始演化的，随后向周围地区辐射扩散。日本鬣羚的分化时间大约在3.1百万年前，并且可能是从中国大陆迁移过去的。白玉和道孚的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率>11.21%），日本鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率>7.63%），洛扎的鬣羚种群（与其它种群的碱基替换率>4.05%）的分化估计已接近或达到亚种水平。鬣羚在中国至少存在3 个进化显著单元：A.白玉和道孚种群；B.洛扎种群；C.隆子、陕西、皖南和德格种群。建议将它们分开管理，避免杂交，以保存遗传分歧较大的类群及其进化潜力。

关键词: 鬣羚, 分子系统发育, 亚种分化, 线粒体DNA, 细胞色素b, 基因序列分析