Abstract: The research was carried out in warm steppe along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway near Haiyan in Qinghai Province. The population density and community structure of rodents were determined by daily trapping at different distances from the railway, the relationship between the rodent community characteristics and the plants was analyzed, and the effect of traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the community structure of rodents was discussed. Ochotona cansus, Allactaga sibirica, Cricetulus longicaudatus and Cricetulus migratorius all were captured in the research area. There were no exotic species encountered in research area from the beginning of the Railway activity in 1984 to now. The population density, number of species, and diversity index of rodents near the Railway were significantly higher than those in places 0.5 km and 1 km away from the Railway, but the evenness index of the rodents was lowest near the Railway. The community characteristics of the plants were the same at different distances from the Railway. A relationship between the community characteristics of the rodents and plants was not found. The activity of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway did not result in exotic species in the research area and suitable habitat and excessive food supplied by train travelers may have been factors causing the increase in population density and the changes in community structure of the rodents near the Railway. Thus, the construction and activity of the Railway affects the community structure of rodents in the research area.

Key words: Community structure, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Rodents

摘要： 以青藏铁路海晏段的温性草原区为研究地点,通过铗日法确定距离铁路不同距离的区域中啮齿动物的种群密度和群落结构,分析啮齿动物群落结构与植物群落结构之间的关系,探讨温性草原区铁路运营对啮齿动物群落结构的影响。结果表明,研究区域内所捕获的啮齿动物有甘肃鼠兔、五趾跳鼠、长尾仓鼠和灰仓鼠;从1984 年铁路投入运营以来,没有发现铁路运营带来新物种的入侵;啮齿动物的种群密度和群落结构在距离铁路不同距离的样带之间有明显的不同,在铁路路基附近的种群密度、物种数、多样性指数均明显高于距离铁路0.5 km和1 km的区域,而均匀性指数在路基附近最小;在距离铁路不同距离的区域中植物群落的特征没有明显差异,啮齿动物群落特征与植物群落特征之间没有明显的相关性。引起铁路路基附近啮齿动物种群密度、物种数、多样性指数偏高的原因可能是铁路修建与运营为啮齿动物提供了合适的生存环境与额外的食物资源。因此,铁路建设及运营对啮齿动物的群落结构有一定程度的影响。

关键词: 青藏铁路, 啮齿动物, 群落结构