Abstract: The basis of modern mammalogy before liberation was completely destroyed, because of the Anti-Japanese War. It was, in fact, established only after People's Republic of China was founded. The ecology of mammals was paid close attention to at the very beginning. In the middle cf 50's a great deal of work started, dealing both with the practical problems as relating to agriculture, forestry, medicine and animal husbandry and also with basic theoretical problems. Different work on the following entries is introduced in this paper.I . Autecology of mammals1. Natural history——habitats, focd habit, growth, reprocuctior,home range and family structure.2 . Experimental ecology——gas metabolism, water metabolism, anddaily rhythm.I . Mammalian population ecology.1 . Census of mammals.2 . Seasonal fluctuation of population.3 . Long-term fluctuation of number.4 . Influences of climatic factors cf populations.5 . Age structure of population.III. Studies on mammalian communitiesI,Community structure and species diversity 2 . Succession of mammalian communities IV. The roles of mammals in ecosystem1 . Relations of mammals to vegetations.2 . Energy flowIn conclusion, from a broad point of view, I think, the progress of Chinses mammalian ecology is comparatively healthy and normal. There are certain work in many fields. But not much work is deep enough or highly theoretical, not fitting well to the large territory and geographical complexity of our country, that we must work hard in deepness and broadness, Experimental measures should be used, especially in population ecology studies.The studies of big mammals should be emphasized, either for conservation of endangered species, or for managements of game animals. We are rather backward in such fields.

摘要： 对近代的兽类学来说,我国虽然从本世纪二十年代即已开始分类研究,三十年代也有了生态学的论文,但是经过抗日战争的破坏,新中国建立之始,实际上处于空白状态。在建立兽类学开始之时,就比较注意兽类生态学的研究。初期的工作自不免朴素粗放一些,但对生态学的发展起到一定的作用。代表的著作可举出纪树立等(1951)的黄鼠研究和杨新史(1951)的《家鼠及其防治》,二者都是从防治医学角度进行工作的,以后此二人也都未再作此类工作。从五十年代中期大量的工作就开始了。涉及到农、林、医、牧以及基础理论的诸多方面,今就以下各方面分述于后。