Abstract: Many fossils of Mi-deer Elaphurus davidianus were discovered in 95 sites in the Eastern part of China. A pair of relatively intact fossil antlers has been described in detail in this paper (pl.I). Fossil and living antlers from more than 50 individuals have been studied and compared (pl.ll, Tab. 2 ) . Methods and terms for description of the antlers have been suggested (Fig. 1, Tab. 1 )According to the information collected (Tab. 3 ), it is believed that an evolutionary sequence is ranging from Elaphurus lantianensis through E. chinanensis and E. bifurcatus,to E. davidianus. Of course,the evolutionary stage does not mean that one species was originated from the other directly.

摘要： 现生麋鹿(Elaphvrvs davidianus Milne-Edwards)是我国特产的珍兽。野生者已不复存在。现生饲养者目前以英国饲养的鹿群最为有名。国内仅有少数大的动物园才有少数饲养。因而对于它们标本的获得和研究就显得比较珍贵。 我国东部(大约东经111°以东,北纬30—43°之间),在第四系已知95个化石地点(曹克清,1975;曹克清,1978;曹克清,1982)中所发现的大量的角枝材料具有重要的科学价值。首先,因为生物物种的特征应一该包括许多标本的差异范围和平均数位,少数际术不可能反映种群的全部可变性,应该用这个种的尽可能多的资料对其性状不断加以补充。地层中这种珍兽的大宗角枝所提供的大量资料已有必要对其性状加以格理和补充。化石和现生的糜鹿,角枝是重要的鉴定依据。角枝外形特殊而复杂,H前尚缺乏系统的记述。从地层中发现的材料多属残段残块,其生物学部位和生长阶段又常不同,这忧要求有比较完善的对比资料。