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THE BREEDING BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Marmota himalayana IN RESHUITAN AND WULANNAOTAN, HAIYAN COUNTY, QINGHAI PROVINCE

HUANG Xiaolong, WANG Zhijun, WU Jiasong, LIU Lixian   

  1. Institute of Endemic Disease, Qinghai Province
  • Online:2011-11-23 Published:2011-11-22

青海海晏县热水滩和乌兰脑滩喜马拉雅旱獭的繁殖生物学特征

黄孝龙, 王治军, 吴驾淞, 刘丽娴   

  1. 青海省地方病防治研究所

Abstract: This paper deals with sex ratio, age composition of population and breeding quantity of Marmota himalayana. The breeding index represents the total number of embryos produced by 100 adult females in a year, and it is equal to multiplying the percentage of breeding females and the average litter size.Reshuitan has been chosen as a research area of marmot elimination and Wulannaotan as the control area. Continued killing of marmots is done in the research area but not in the control area, so the population density in the research area is lower than that in the control area.The sex ratio (near to 1:1) and the percentage of adults in population are both stable in these two areas.The average litter size in the control area is 4.77(1984) and 6.93(1982 -1984) in the research area.The percentage of breeding females in the control area was 53.57% in 1984, while in the research area was 73.9% in 1982, 82.5% in 1983 and 68.2% in 1984.The breeding index in the control area was 255.52% in 1984, while in the research area was 518.77% in 1982, 565.12% in 1983 and 468.53% in 1984.It is clear that the population of Marmota himalayana has a process of self-regulation. When the density is low, both the litter size and the breeding index are higher. It is density-dependent.

Key words: Himalayan Marmot, Marmota himalayana, Breeding characteristics, Sex ratio, Age composition

摘要: 研究喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)繁殖生物学特征,对阐明其种群数量变动,进行数量监测以及探索动物流行病学有着实践和理论意义。国内赵中石(1982)对天山旱獭(Marmota baibacina)有过研究,而喜马拉雅旱獭尚无报道。作者于1982—1984年对青海湖东北岸热水滩地区(下称研究区,该区于1960—1979年进行了持续地灭獭工作)进行了连续3年的调查,并与未经人群干扰的乌兰脑滩地区(下称对照区)作对比,研究了喜马拉雅旱獭繁殖生物学特征。

关键词: 喜马拉雅旱獭, 繁殖特征, 性比, 年龄组成