Abstract: There are three categories of hair in sable (Martes zibellna) and mink (Mustela vison) . The guard hairs are straight, and thicken very gradually from the base to the distal three quarters of the shaft with a well-developed cortical layer. The pile hairs are shorter and thinner, and have a three waves or more, well-developed medulla. The fur hairs are shortest and thinnest, and have five waves. The medulla is well developed.By scanning electron microscope (SEM), the cuticles hair according to the shape of edge are roughly divided into four categories: ripple, acuminate, rhombus and inverted triangle. By light microscope (LM), the patterns of hair medulla are roughly divided into three categories: net-medulla, mono-column and poly-column medulla. The comparison of the observed results show that there are diferences at the shape of cuticle as well as medulla between the sable and mink. They show the distinction of species. So the patterns of cuticle and medulla may be acted as the reference index in the classification of the mammal.

Key words: Sable、Martes zibellina, Mink, Mustela vison, Hair, Cuticle, Medulla

摘要： 研究表明紫貂和水貂被毛的形态高度分化,可分为针毛,中间针毛和绒毛3类。针毛笔直,远端(大约3/4处)皮质高度发育,有良好的耐磨性。中间针毛比针毛短、细,大约有3个弯曲,且髓质含量最高。绒毛最短、细,大约有5个弯曲,髓质也较发达。 扫描电镜下的毛小皮形态可归纳为波纹形,披针形,菱形和倒三角形4种。光镜下的髓质形态可归纳为单柱组型,多柱组型和网型3种。比较分析的结果表明:毛小皮和髓质形态在这两种动物间的差别较明显,具有种的特异性、可作为哺乳动物分类的参考指标。

关键词: 紫貂, 水貂, 被毛, 毛小皮, 髓质