Abstract: Mating behavior is a species-specific characteristic of the species’ social structure and mating system. Studying copulation systems can help understand cohesiveness and stability of a primate society. From November 2013 to October 2014, we observed mating behaviors of a semi-provisioned group of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve, Yunan, China. All-occurrence and focal animal sampling methods were used to collect data on duration and frequency of pre-copulatory, copulatory, and post-copulatory behaviors of subjects involved. We found that monkeys mated year round, with a reproductive peak during the mating season (roughly from July to September); mating was initiated mainly by the females (76%), females also showed an observable solicitation peak during the mating season. Male mounting frequency (yearly mean= 0.43 times/month, n=5) and rate of ejaculation/mounting (yearly mean 19%, n=5) showed no significant variability. Therefore, the relationship between seasonality and sexual response for mating differs between the sexes. Females ran or jumped into a male's range of vision to come into notice, then prostrated and glanced at the male to solicit being sexually mounted. The distance between a prostrating female and the resident male affected the success rate of the solicitation (<1 m, 68% vs. 2-5 m, 40%). If the first solicitation failed, females might prostrate other several times (max= 4 times) to sexually coax the resident male. Multiple sexual solicitations significantly increased the rate of the resident male’s mounting over that of a single solicitation (79% vs. 52%). After mating, females might groom the male, but this allogrooming was not significantly related with whether the male had ejaculated in this female.

Key words: Rhinopithecus bieti, Sexual solicitation, Mating behavior, Seasonal breeding, Copulatory patterns

摘要： 灵长类交配模式是灵长类社群结构和婚配制度的重要表征之一，其研究有助于了解灵长类社群结构和两性交配策略。2013年11月至2014年10月，我们对云南白马雪山国家级自然保护区一人工辅助投食滇金丝猴群进行了观察研究，采用焦点动物取样法和全事件记录法收集了雌雄个体的交配相关的行为数据，主要包括邀配对象、交配过程、持续时间和回合数，以及参与交配的雌雄对在交配结束后的相互理毛的持续时间和回合数。研究结果表明：研究群滇金丝猴全年均有交配行为，交配高峰期在7-9月，两性参与交配的积极性和对季节变化的响应不同；交配主要由雌性通过邀配发动（76%），交配高峰期也是雌性邀配的高峰期；雄性爬跨频次（年均0.43次/月，n=5）和射精爬跨比（年均19%，n=5）则在全年无显著变化。交配行为发生的典型表现为：雌性通过小跑或跳跃进入雄性视线范围内，爬伏呈臀向雄性邀配；雌猴爬伏时离雄猴的远近距离不同（<1m vs. 2-5m ： 69% vs. 31%）会影响其邀配成功率（<1 m vs. 2-5 m ：68% vs. 40%）；若一次邀配失败，雌猴可能会连续爬伏邀配（最多4次），连续多次邀配的成功率显著高于单次邀配（79% vs. 52%）。交配结束后雌性会主动为雄性理毛，但雌性主动理毛与交配是否射精无关。

关键词: 滇金丝猴, 邀配模式, 交配行为, 季节性繁殖, 繁殖策略