Abstract: Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon within mammals, and males are generally larger than females. In contrast bats reveal a characteristic female-biased sexual dimorphism, females are larger than males, but its driving mechanism is still unclear. In order to explore the mechanism of sexual dimorphism within Harpiocephalus harpia, 32 specimens were sampled during bat surveys from seven sites in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hainan, Hubei and Zhejiang provinces. All specimens were deposited in Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, Guangzhou University. Through multivariate statistical analysis of craniodental and wing characteristics, we examined absolute differences and relative differences after controlling for disparities in forearm length. Significant differences between sexes were evident only in skull, in the teeth and zygomatic breadth. Comparisons of the rest of the craniodental indices, wing measurements and estimated wing areas were not siginficant. The result favors a “Resource Competition Hypothesis” rather than a “Big Mother Hypothesis”. In addition, 12 specimens of H. harpia were collected from Hubei (3 males, 2 females) in July and from Zhejiang (2 males, 5 females) in August, 2017, represent new distribution records from the provinces, which adds to the accumulation of basic biological data of the rare species in China.

Key words: Harpiocephalus harpia, Sexual dimorphism, Resource competition, New record

摘要： 哺乳动物的性别二态性（Sexual dimorphism）是动物中的一种普遍现象，常表现为雄性个体大于雌性个体，而在蝙蝠中则表现出雌性个体体型大于雄性的偏雌性二型现象，其具体的驱动机制仍未明确。本文对采集于广东、广西、江西、湖南、海南、湖北和浙江的32只毛翼管鼻蝠（Harpiocephalus harpia）进行头骨与翼型在两性特征上的多元统计分析，尝试探讨其性二型驱动机制。结果表明：毛翼管鼻蝠雌雄在头骨中与牙齿及咀嚼力相关的区域存在明显分化，而翼型（含翼指标和翼面积）在整体和局部特征上均无显著性差异，该结果提示雌雄可能存在食性上的分化，更倾向于“资源竞争假说”而非“大母蝠优势假说”。本研究于2017年7~10月分别在湖北（3雄，2雌）和浙江（2雄，5雌）采集的12只毛翼管鼻蝠，为二省翼手目分布新纪录，该发现丰富和完善了我国翼手目分布信息。上述标本保存于广州大学华南生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室。

关键词: 毛翼管鼻蝠, 性二型, 资源竞争, 新纪录