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07 July 2008, Volume 22 Issue 3

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COMPARISON OF HABITAT SELECTION OF GIANT PANDAS AND RED PANDAS IN THE QIONGLAI MOUNTAINS

ZHANG Zejun HU Jinchu WU Hua

2002, 22(3):  161-168. 

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The habitat selection of the sympatric species , giant panda and red panda , in the Qionglai Mountains was comparatively studied1 Among 48 parameters in 13 environmental factors studied , vegetation , food , water source , outer disturbance , and topography were the main factors influencing the habitat selection of both panda species. Both panda species tended to select habitats in the primary needle-leaf-broadleaf mixed forests or needle-leaf forests located in the middle or the higher part of the Qionglai Mountains with water source close by , relative less mammal and human disturbance , and finer bamboo growth. However , giant panda preferred to select habitats facing south or east with relatively gentle slopes , higher canopy , and less fallen logs and stumps while red pandas tended to choose habitats facing south or west with relatively deep slopes , lower canopy , and more fallen logs and stumps. The difference in habitat selection perhaps is one of the reasons for the long term co2existence of both panda species.

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PRELIMINARY SURVEY ON POPULATION OF FRANCOIS' LANGUR ( TRACHYPITHECUS FRANCOISI FRANCOISI) IN WULONG COUNTY AND PENGSHUI COUNTY

SU Hualong LIN Yinghua MA Qiang ZHAO Huaidong WU Dengming XU Zhiqing DENG Heli

2002, 22(3):  169-178. 

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Between April 1998 and December 2001 , a preliminary survey was made on population of Francois'langur in Wulong and Pengshui Counties. From the four investigations , four families of Francois'langur were found to make their home at the juncture of the two counties. The largest population ever observed was about 17 - 18 ; the smallest was about 5 , and the total was about 40 - 50 at present. The characteristics of habitat and ecological environment of Francois'langur rely on evergreen broadleaved forest mainly natural spotted broadleaved forest. The decrease of the population size and the reduction of distribution range were caused by factors including frequent human activities , broken habitat and changes of ecological environments , and possibly affected by reproductive isolation to a large extent.

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THE INFLUENCE OF MOONLIGHT AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON ACTIVITY OF POLECATS ( MUSTELA EVERSMANNI)

WEI Wanhong ZHOU Wenyang FAN Naichang

2002, 22(3):  179-186. 

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The relationships between the moonlight , lunar cycle , light intensity and activity of polecats were studied in the field and laboratory by using radio-tracking techniques and simulating light intensity. Field data showed that the polecats were nocturnal animals , the moonlight did not affect the activity of the polecat. Both of the male and female had same active patterns during different seasons , reproductive and non-reproductive period. The beginning time and ending time of the polecat did not relate to the lunar cycle and the time of the sunset and sunrise. The laboratory data also showed that the polecats were mainly nocturnal animals even though they increased the daily active time because of the change of the environment , the light intensity did not affect the active patterns and the time of the polecat. All of those indicated that the polecats had relatively stable active rhythm. They did not appeared to reduce the active time and change the active patterns in bright moonlight and high light intensity during the activity phases as an anti-predator response , they might reduced the high predatory risk by using different refugees such as burrows.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SEX AND AGE GROUP OF CRICETULUS TRITON POPULATION

WANG Yongqing ZHANG Zhibin XU Laixiang

2002, 22(3):  187-200. 

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The genetic diversities of sex populations and age group populations of the Rat-like hamster ( Cricetulus triton) populations in 1998 and 1999 were studied by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . The proportion of polymorphic loci , Shannon index and Nei's Index were used to describe the population genetic diversity. It was discovered that the genetic differentiation between male and female group populations was relatively small , while it was greater among four age group populations ; the genetic distance increased with increase of age gap ; the genetic diversity of juvenile group population was higher than that of older age group populations ; the genetic differentiation and difference of autumn population in 1999 were more apparent than that of 4 season populations in 1998. The genetic differentiation among age group populations supported the view that genetic structure experienced change even under the selection in micro2time scale. The higher genetic diversity in juvenile age group population supported the Ford hypothesis that the new born animals were genetically diversified , some with better qualities , and some with lower ones. However , under natural selection , the individuals with lower genetic qualities were eliminated. Thus , the juveniles with lower genetic qualities would be disappeared due to the increase in natural selection pressures , while the genetic diversities of adult or old individuals were gradually reduced.

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EFFECT OF PLATEAU ZOKORS ON VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ALPINE MEADOW

ZHANG Yanming LIU Jike

2002, 22(3):  201-210. 

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This research was conducted on alpine meadow site at Menyuan county , Qinghai Province , People’s Republic of China to determine the effects of native , subterranean rodent of Qinghai-Tibet grasslands , the plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) , on seasonal above-and below-ground plant biomass , plant species diversity and productivity.
Both total peaks of above-and below-ground biomass were the greatest ( 413.600 g/m2 and 2 297.502 g/m2 ) in the patch no any plateau zokors colonized and least (170.200 g/m² , 489.110 g/m² ) in the patch colonized by plateau zokors over 10 years in August and October , respectively. Both above-and below-ground biomass were significantly increased in the patches where plateau zokors were removed or the burrow systems were abandoned for five years compared to the patches plateau zokors colonized over 10 years. However , both above-and below-ground biomass in abandoned patches were significantly lower than that in uncolonized patches. Monocotyledonous biomass was reduced greatly , but the non-palatable dicots were significantly increased in colonized patches. The palatable biomass of monocots and dicots were increased in abandoned patches. Total plant species diversity was the greatest in uncolonized patchesand least in abandoned patch. The total net primary production in colonized patches was reduced by 68.98 % compared with uncolonized patches. Although the patches were without any plateau zokors disturbance for fives years , the total net primary production just reached 58.69 % of the uncolonized patches. The above-ground net primary production in abandoned patches increased 28.74 % and the below-ground increased 54.91 % compared with the colonized patches.
We suggest that plateau zokor-induced changes in plant above-and below-ground biomass and species diversity may lead to further alterations of nutrient cycling and trophic dynamics in this alpine meadow ecosystem.

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NUMERICAL INDICES FOR EVALUATING THE ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF RODENT SPECIES

WAN Xinrong WANGMengjun WANG Guanghe LIU Wei ZHONG Wenqin

2002, 22(3):  211-217. 

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Some numerical indices , namely θ, λ,Φ and η, are proposed to evaluate the daily activity patterns of rodent. The value of θ is used to determine whether there is any discrepancy in the daily activity patterns of animal ; the value of λ is used to judge whether an animal is diurnal or nocturnal ; the index Φ is used to identify which activity patterns (single-peak or double-peak) the animal is ; andηindicates the absolute active rate of the animal. Such numerical indices may provide different features of activity patterns of animal and should be useful in activity patterns comparing analysis.

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EFFECTS OF BLOOD RELATIONS ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS IN SMALL MAMMALS

LIU Zhen LIU Jike YANG Yuewei

2002, 22(3):  218-224. 

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Effects of blood relations between individuals on the population dynamics in small mammals were reviewed. A number of studies suggested that the interaction between related individuals showed more amicable behavior , higher level of nest sharing than between unrelateded individuals.Blood relations can also influence territory and dispersal in microtine rodents. Some studies found the changes of the degree of relatedness can alter the growth rate of population. Lambin and Krebs suggested that relatedness can influence the demographic characters , such as density , female survival success , offspring weaning success , offspring viability and sex ratio , and this hypothesis has been tested by a number of studies. The tools of molecular genetics began to be used in the ecological research. At resent , most of molecular research of blood relations were focused on parental identification and the analysis of the genetic structure of population.

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CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION OF AMUR GORAL ( NEMORHAEDUS CAUDATUS) IN SOUTH KOREA

Woo-Shin LEE Shin-Jae RHIM

2002, 22(3):  225-227. 

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GROOMING BEHAVIOR OF MACACA MULATTA IN TAIHANG MOUNTAINS IN CAPTIVITIES

HOU Jinhuai LU Jiqi WANG Kunying QU Wenyuan

2002, 22(3):  228-232. 

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EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON FEEDING ACTIVITIES AND QUANTITIES IN SMALL INDIAN CIVETS

ZHONG Fusheng LIU Zhenxiang

2002, 22(3):  233-236. 

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THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT FOR THE COMMON DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL IN LIPOTES VEXILLI FER AND NEOPHOCAENA PHOCAENOIDES ASIAEORIENTALIS

ZHAO Qingzhong LIU Renjun

2002, 22(3):  237-240. 

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