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07 July 2008, Volume 21 Issue 2

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A PRELIMINARY VALUE ON BODY CONDITION IN MONGOLIAN GAZELLE (PROCAPRA GUTTUROSA) IN HULUNBEIER GRASSLAND

LI Junsheng, WU Jianping, JIANG Zhaowen

2001, 21(2):  81-87. 

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The kidney weight and kidney midline fat index (KMFI) of Mongolian gazelle, which were collected in Hulunbeier grassland in China from 1997 to l998, were measured. A preliminary value on body condition of Mongolian gazelle was taken in different age-sex groups and in different seasons. The results show that the left kidney weight was heavier than the right kidney's. There was a significant different (F = 4.872, P<0.01) in the kidney weight among different age-sex groups. There was a significant positive relation between kidney weight and body weight (P< 0.01). The kidney weight was changed in different seasons. In spring, the kidney weight was heavier than in autumn and in winter. A significant different (F = 4. 929, P < 0.01) in the value of KMFI was found among age-sex groups. There also was a significant positive relation between KMFI value and body weight (P < 0.01). In different seasons, there was a significant different (F= 4.612 P <0.01) in KMFI value of Mongolian gazelle. In autumn, the body condition of Mongolian gazelle was the best, however, the body condition was worse in winter end and beginning spring.

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BIOMECHANICAL SCALING OF MANDIBULAR DIMENSIONS OF MACACA MULATTA IN TAIHANG MOUNTAINS

LU Jiqi,LU Jiuquan,XUE Deming,QU Wenyuan

2001, 21(2):  88-93. 

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By using Shao Xiangqing’s methods (1985), a measurement statistics and analysis of some mandibular variables of Macaca mulatta in Taihang Mountains was made. Furthermore, biomechanical scaling and allometric analysis was carried out and the results showed, on the one hand, the mandibular variables are highly sexual different. The length of mandible in male is longer than in female, and the length from posterior border of the mandibular condyle to the central section of M₁ and to the under-minipeak of M₃, the height of the mandibular branch is relative smaller in male than in female. On the other hand the length and width of mandibular condyle the height and width of mandibular body and the union length of mandible are strengthened in male then in female, thus , the ruminate forces get increase . This is closely related with the ecological strategy in Macaca mulatta in Taihang Mountains. There has a comparison among the results of this paper to the rhesus macaque in other area in China, and showed that there were evident differences among them.

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A PRIMARY STUDY ON THE POSTNATAL GROWTH OF GANSU PIKA (OCHOTONA CANSUS)

SU Jianping, LIU Jike

2001, 21(2):  94-100. 

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The growth data of 14 Gansu pikas of 3 litters from birth to age of 56 days were collected in 1998. Fitting a Lxgistic equation to the data yielded the following relationship between body weight (w) and age (t):
W=51.4208/1+exp (1.9289-0.0940 t)
Where w was expressed in grams and t in days.
Based on the above equation, the postnatal growth of Gansu pika was divided into two phases, i. e. accelerating growth before the Logistic curve’s inflexion point at which w is about 25.71 grams and t is about 20.5 days, and decelerating growth after the inflexion point.
According to the dynamics of instantaneous growth rate of body weight (the first derivative of w to t), the growth was divided into three periods. The first was slow-growing period, which was from birth to age of about 6.5 days. The second was fast-growing period starting at age of about 6.5 days and ending at age of about 34.5 days. And the last was asymptotic growing period, which was the part after about 34.5 days.

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SEASONAL CHANGES OF NON-SHIVERING THERMOGENESIS IN FOUR RODENTS FROM KUBUQI DESERT OF INNER MONGOLIA

BAO Weidong,WANG Dehua,WANG Zuwang,ZHOU Yanlin,WANG Limin

2001, 21(2):  101-106. 

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To reveal the role of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in thermoregulaion for small mammals’ in inland arid environment, a comparative study of seasonal variations of NST was conducted on four rodent species in Kubuqi desert of Inner Mongolia in 1997. The four species were northern three-toed jerboa (Dipus sagitta), midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus), desert hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) and striped hamster (Cricetelus barabensis). NST was induced by injecting mass-dependent dosage of norepinephrine (NE). The oxygen consumption was measured by using Kalabukho-Skorvstov closed circuit respirometer. The results showed that seasonal changes of NST was influenced significantly by ambient temperature. It was higher in autumn than in summer for the four species. The NST in autumn in desert hamster and striped hamster was also 14% and 35% higher than spring values, respectively. The typical desert species, desert hamster, showed a significant seasonal changes in NST and the lowest was found in summer. These results indicated that during the evolutionary process, the four species living in desert environment have developed perfect non-shivering thermogenesis mechanism to adapt the dramatic seasonal temperature fluctuations of inland arid environment.

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THE BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MONGOLIAN GERBILS MERIONES UNGUICULATUS AND THE ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROLLING DURING AUTUMN HARVEST

LIU Wei,ZHONG Wenqin,WAN Xinrong,WANG Guanghe,JIANG Yaqin,LIU Wendong

2001, 21(2):  105-115. 

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Characteristics of storing food and migration were measured in a wild low-density (16-22 hm²) population of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus ) during autumn harvest. Investigating food storehouse in different farmland with different rate of harvest progress, the authors found Mongolian gerbils in the farmlands in which crop were reaped late and piled for long time ( > 14 d) stored more grain than grass seeds. So did not individuals in the farmlands in which crop were reaped early and piled for a little time (<7 d). There were two space behavioral patterns. One was initiative migration that Mongolian gerbils immigrated to farmland during the crop maturing in autumn (about early September), and the other was coercive migration that individuals emigrated from farmland when farmlands were ploughed. By the mark-recapture technique to census the population in sample plots, it was found that the direct evidence on the autumn initiative migration of Meriones unguiculatus. These behavioral characteristics closely combined with seeds-food availability in cultivated field in autumn and local agricultural measures. To make rational use of local to possibly decrease the resource of seed food of gerbils in farmland, emphatically disturbed gerbils’ food store activity and migration were important strategies of behavioral management for acquiring the continuous ecological control benefit.

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RESPONSIVE PATTERNS OF ROOT VOLES TO TANNIC ACID

LI Junnian,LIU Jike,TAO Shuanglun

2001, 21(2):  116-122. 

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BMR of the root voles fed 3% tannic acid diet at day 5, day 10 and day 20 were higher than that of the voles at day 0 by 10.94%, 23.82% and 23.54%, respectively; and BMR of root voles fed 6% tannic acid diet at day 5, day 10 and day 20 were higher than that of the voles at day 0 by 18.67%, 29.07% and 27.71% on the 10% level protein diet, respectively. BMR of the root voles fed 3% tannic acid diet at day5, day 10 and day 20 were higher than that of the voles at day 0 by 6.67%,10.63% and 11 .214%, respectively; and BMR of root voles fed 6% tannic acid diet at day 5, day 10 and day 20 were higher than that of the voles at day 0 by 9.01%, 14.50% and 16.09% on the 10% level protein diet, respectively. These primary results indicated that dietary tannic acid could significantly increased BMR of root voles (Microtus oeconomus), and strongly supported the hypotheses that tannic acid could significantly increased BMR of small mammalian herbivores.

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BATS IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREA OF CHONGQING

LIU Shaoying,RAN Jianghong,LIN Qiang,LIU Shichang,LIU Zhijun

2001, 21(2):  123-131. 

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From 1996-1997 the bats in Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing was investigated,in total 68 caves in 13 Counties were investigated. According to the records and investigating, there are 26 species of bats in Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing, they belong to 4 faniilies.8 species are new records in Chongqing they are Rhinolophus pearsoni, Rhinolophus luctus, Myotis altarium, M. daubentoni, M. blythi, M. rickrtti¡, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida plicata. According to the study, bats in Three Gorges reservoir of Chongqing prefer to select the habitats of the caves which are more moisture warmer, lower elevation and the length more than 50 m.

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VARIATION OF THYROID HORMONE IN MONGOLIAN GERBIL (MERIONES UNGUICULATUS) DURING COLD EXPOSURE

LIU Xiaotuan,LI Qingfen,HUANG Chenxi,SUN Ruyong

2001, 21(2):  132-136. 

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There were low serum T₃ and T₄ concentration and the activities of T₄5'-deiodinase in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), at 22±2℃ of room. Serum T₃ and T₄ concentration increased rapidly after cold exposure(4±2℃ ) for 1 day, both of which showed as 340% and 208% high, respectively, as those in warm. Following cold acclimation from 1 week to 4 weeks, serum T₃ level rose slowly and T₄ decreased slowly, leading to the increase of T₃ /T₄. The changes in T₄5’-deiodinase activities of BAT and liver were similar to those of serum T₃ and T₃ /T₄ during cold exposure. These results indicated that thyroid activity and the metabolism of thyroid hormone in peripheral tissue were activated by cold acclimation in Mongolian gerbil, which may take part in regulation of basal metabolic rate and nonshivering thermogenesis.

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DISCUSSION ON SOME COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE LIFETIME DATACOLLECTING AND DISPOSING PROCESSES FOR CONSTRUCTING COHORT LIFE TABLE

WAN Xinrong,ZHONG Wenqin, WANG Mengjun,WANG Guanghe,LIU Wei

2001, 21(2):  137-142. 

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The cohort life table is a convenient format to describe survival course of wildlife population. Its accuracy and reliability depend on the lifetime data collecting and disposing processes. Some commonly encountered problems, such as the right-censored data disposing, the failure time estimating, the initial size of cohort estimating, and the early failure data disposing are proposed and discussed here.

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MOLECULAR SCATOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION RELIABILITY LIMITATION AND PROSPECT

WEI Fuwen, RAO Gang, LI Ming,FANG Shengguo,FENG Zuojian

2001, 21(2):  141-152. 

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For a long time, researches on genetic structure and variation of the endangered species have been insufficient due to their vulnerable survival conditions and difficulties of sampling by conventional methods such as destructive and invasive sampling. This problem, however, is solved to great extent by means of fecal analysis based on molecular scatology in recent years. With the combination of traditional fecal analysis and molecular technology, biologists can make further studies on free-ranging endangered species, in fields of species identification, sex determination population survey, genetic variation, behavioral ecology, phylogeography, diet, disease, home range territory size and so on without disturbing or even observing them. Although limitations have been found in the usage of molecular scatology because of facts of fecal samples, which led to the doubtable results, they have been overcome gradually with technical achievements and applications of this method in last decade. Meanwhile, the great progress of molecular scatology has also been made day by day and results inferred from it are widely accepted in the world. Therefore, it is of great potentiality to apply this method in the behavioral ecology and conservation biology of endangered species, and it will also be used in conservation genetics more and more in the future.

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SEISMIC COMMUNICATION IN SUBTERRANEAN GANSU ZOKOR (MYOSPALAX CANSUS)

2001, 21(2):  153-154. 

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DETERMINATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES OF CHEETAH (ACINONYX JUBATUS )

2001, 21(2):  155-159. 

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