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07 July 2008, Volume 18 Issue 2

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THE PRESENT STATUSOF NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF TIGERS IN JINZHU TSANGPO VALLEY, SOUTHEASTERN TIBET

ZHANG Ming，QIU Mingjiang， LI Shouchang

1998, 18(2):  81-86. 

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　　The quantity and distribution of tigers (Panthera tigris tig ris) in Jinzhu T sangpo valley, southeastern Tibet were investigated in 1995. We gathered and measured 30 trails and 93 foot prints of tigers in this valley. By statistical method of F-test and t -test and a large number of investigate, five tigers and their activity range in Jinzhu T sangpo valley were confirmed. Moreover, we found trails of one tiger in Galong T sangpo valley near Jinzhu T sangpo. We also conducted some survey on the future trend of tigers in Jinzhu T sangpo valley and adjecent areas. These survey results indicated that the quantity and distribution of tigers had been decreasing since the seven ties in Jinzhu T sangpo and adjecent areas.

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HOME RANGE OF THE ALPINE MUSK DEER(MOSCHUS SIFANICUS) IN THE SOUTHEAST AREA OFTIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

YANG Qisen， FENG Zuo jian ，WANG Zuwang， LIU Wu lin，LI Xinchun，Silang Ouzhu

1998, 18(2):  87-94. 

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　　This paper is about the home range study of the Alpine musk deer (moschus sifanicus) in the southeast area of Tibet Autonomous Region. Based on the 3-D immensional home range model of outmost convex polygon and with the Global Positioning System (GPS) , we have drawn out it's home range shape, home range size and the home range dynamics between different months from July to November. The shape of the Alpine musk deer is near to a cycle. In different time, the distribute elevation are difference,but the centure of whole period is very little variance. In summer, the home range size is smaller than that in autumn. For different sex of animals, the home range dynamics are significant difference, the average home range size of male 1 (M ₁)is 35.5 hm ² at the non-product season (Ju l. to Sept. ) , and it was expanded to 47.17 hm ² at the preproduct season (Oct. to the early of Nov. ) , 32.9% increased; the home range size of male 2(M ₂) f rom 25.2 hm² to 41.71 hm ², 63.4% increased; and the home range size of female(F) from 28.95 hm ² to 40.76 hm ^2.40.8% increased.
In autumn and the early winter, the home range increased are related to the decrease of food supplies, but the divisions of different sexes are related to the status of productivity.

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MOLECULAR CLONING AND HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION OF THE BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) GENE FROM GIANT PANDA

LIN Feng, YANG Yuhua, ZHANG Yizheng, CHEN Hongwei,FEILisong,SONG Yunfang,HE Guangxin,ZHANG Anju

1998, 18(2):  95-99. 

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　　The polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) was employed to amplify the full coding region of the BDNF gene from giant panda (Ailuropod a melanoleuca) genomic DNA directly with the primer based on the sequence of human BDNF gene. The amplified fragment was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed that the coding region of BDNF gene from giant panda was highly homologous with that of human counterpart genes (94% homology) . It was found that there were only two amino acid residues showing difference in the prosequence region by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence of BDNF gene of giant panda with that of human. Hower, the amino acid sequence of mature BDNF from giant panda is identical to those of the reported mammalian BDNFs.The succcesful heterologous expression from giant panda of BDNF gene in E scherich ia coli was also observed and the molecular weight of the recombinant BDNF p recursor was just the same as predicted (～28 kD). This is the first report of the functional gene analysis of giant pander at molecular biology level.

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STUDIES ON POPULATION GROWTH OFMACACA MULATTA AT NANWAN, HAINAN

JIANG Haisheng,　LIAN Jian sheng,　FENG Min,　WANG Jun,　LI Yanhong

1998, 18(2):  100-106. 

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　The rhesus monkey population dynamics and the life table of female rhesus were studied again with the observations of 16 years from 1978 to 1994 at Nanwan, Hainan.The results show that the population growth rate annually was 9.7% in 1965～1994, and that rate and birth rate seem to be decreasing since 1987. The proportions of immature members in the monkey group and their group size are declining now. The age-specific survival rate of 17 years old females are 0.58. The analysis results of standard survival and life span expectation suggested that their life span could reach 33 to 38 years of age. The survival curve belongs to typel or convex shape, and it indicated that the
mortality of infants was low and that of adults was high. This paper recognized that it is unsuitable to apply the static life table to study primates. The constant hazard function should be considered in establishing standard survival rate. The rhesu smonkeys are capable of keeping their population in balance by regulating survival and/or birth rate.

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HAND PREFERENCE IN FOOD REACHING IN SICHUAN GOLDENMONKEYS (RHINOPITHECUS ROXELLANA)

LIANG Bing,　ZHANG Shuyi

1998, 18(2):  107-111. 

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　The hand preference of 20 Sichuan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) was studied during their food reaching. In this small sample, population level lateralization was not found, even though half of them showed strong right hand preference. Age effect was not significant even though the incidence of hand preference was higher in adults than in young. Similarly,these monkeys did not exhibit sex-related difference in the direction and strength of hand preference. We suggest that the hand preference of Sichuan golden monkeys should be further studied in a large sample of animals, involving in complex tasks used.

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THE WINTER HABITAT SELECTION OF SABLES IN DAXINGANL INGMOUNTAINS

JIANG Zhaowen,　XULi, MA Yiqing, WANG Yongqing,　LIYongqi, Buskirk StevenW.

1998, 18(2):  112-119. 

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Winter habitat selection for foraging and resting of sables (Martes z ibellina ) was studied by snow trails tracking from 1991 to 1993, in Huzhong and Tuqiang, Daxinganling Mountains, China. The result of 332 samples showed that: sables prefered forest attributes associated with late successional stages. i. e. 1. Sables selected fo rest with intermediate to dense tree canopy (P = 0.0001) and mixed dominanttree (P = 0.02) ,avoided single tree dominant and open areas. 2. Did not select shrub canopy (P =0.091) , but preferred m ixed shrub dominant areas (P = 0.03). 3. They preferred for forage in riparian areas and slope bottoms, while resting on ridgetops (P =0.009) with aboundant logs, boles or roots, but did not select slope aspect (P = 0.39). 4. Sables preferred large tree density (P = 0.0001) , larch basal area (P = 0.005) , large tree abh(P = 0.0001) , larch abh (P = 0.001) , log length (P = 0.0006) , log diameter (P = 0.0006) , and log cover (P = 0.0001) positively. Sablesw eremore selective of sites for resting than fo raging in all attributes except small tree density (P=0.0003) , for which they strongly selected in term ediate type (1.21～1.82 trees/m ^2，for resting. According to the results, the forest with attrbutes associated with late successional stages and the trees with large dbh (40 cm ±) shou ld be preserved properly during selective cutting.


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THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF THE URINE CORTISOL CONCENTRATION IH THREE SHREW AND ITS CHANGE AFTER THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS LESION

ZHOU Tian lu， ZHONG Yongmei， LI Xia，SU Zhaoyu， LIWenqi，　LI Xin

1998, 18(2):  120-126. 

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　Cortisol content of successive separate by collected urine samples from the normal and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN ) lesioned tree shrews by radio immunoassay. The results showed that circadian rhythm of urine cortisol concent ration was of pronounced diurnal fluctuation. The peak value appeared at 10：00～12：00, bathymetron was at 0：00.The content of acrometron was about eight times deuse as that of bathymetron. The above rhythm was abolished after the SCN lesion. The results suggested that SCN was the important circadian pace maker of cortisol secretion in tree shrew.

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE TWO SIBLING SPECIES OF PIKA (GENUS OCHOTONA)

YU Ning，ZHENG Changlin，shiliming

1998, 18(2):  127-130. 

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Six species of pika were investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA ) restriction site analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using PAUP with O. erythrotis designated as an outgroup. Perhaps, the most in triguing results of this study is that the molecular tree gives us a different picture of the phylogeny compared with the former morphological studies. Previously, O. cansus and O. thibetana, shrubland burrowing species; O. curzonize and O. daurica, meadow steppe burrowing species have been treated as two pairs of sibling species. With in each pair, the forms have similar morphologies and equivalent ecology. However, with the present study, each pair member is found on a different branch of the tree, which indicates that those forms came from different maternal lineages. Perhaps, the morphological similarities is caused by the convergent evolution. Divergence time, estimated from genetic distances, suggests a period of rapid radiation of genus Ochotona, perhaps during the late Pliocene. These calculations seem to correspond roughly to the tectonic events and environment changes through time, and appear to be substantiated by the fossil record.

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STUDIES ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF THE POPULATIONS OF RHOMBOMYS OPIMUS AND MERIONES MERIDIANUS

ZHAO Tianbiao，LI Xinmin，ZHANG Zhongbing，ZHANG Chunfu，QILin

1998, 18(2):  131-136. 

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The spatial patterns of the populations of Rhombomys opimus and Meriones meridianus in Tengenor area of Damaolianheqi Banner were studied during the period from October 1995 to October 1996. They were analyzed by means of the nearest individual, T-distance sampling and negative binomial distirbution. The results were shown that Rhom bomys opimusis in a state of collecting distribution around the all year but Meriones meridianus is of even distribution in summer. Collecting or even distribution is the states in winter but remarkably collecting distribution in summer between both populations shows negative relative in winter but positive one in summer.

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THE CHANGING ECOLOGICAL PROCESSOF RODENT COMMUNITIES DURING RODENT PEST MANAGEMENTS IN ALPINE MEADOW

ZHANG Yanming, FAN Naichang,WANG Quanye, JING Zengchun

1998, 18(2):  137-143. 

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　Rodent pest management is one of the important methods to prevent the grasslandfrom degenerating. we aims to analyse and discuss the changing process of rodent communities after rodent pest managements in this paper. The results of five years'study in alpine meadow are shown as follows.
Using the poison baits to kill plateau pika and plateau zokor, sowing seed and controlling the grazing cattle in secondary vegetation, the population densities of plateau zokor and plateau pika decreased rapidly and have been kept their lower from increasing for f ive years. The densities of root vole and Gan su Pika which usually are lower in
meadow fluctuated stongerly during those years. The diversity and evenness indices of rodent community have changed irregularly form any years. However, there are not sign ificant difference among the diversity and evenness indices of community which used the poison baits to kill the two rodents in secondary vegetation after the second year.Killing plateau pika only with poison baits in primary vegetation, the population density of plateau zokor increased gradually. The density of the third year after killing is significantly higher than the first year's. The treatment of fence and controlling the grazing cattle can keep the population density of plateau pika from increasing effectively. But it is not usefu to plateau zokor. killing pika only with the baits can not prevent pika population from recovering in a few years. Further more, the killing cause zokor population to increase because the balance of rodent community has been broken.
　The treatment of capturing and killing plateau zokor cause the rodent indices of diversity and evenness to decrease in primary vegetation. Whereas, it can cause the indices to increase in artificial or semi-artificial grassland.

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STUDIES ON VARIATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE FOR SIX MURIDS

JIN Xiao ling，HE Xinxia，ZHOU Yucan，YANG Junqing，YU Liqun

1998, 18(2):  144-149. 

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The four species of the genus Rattus were used as the in group and the two species of the genus Apodemus were used as the outgroup. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD ) of kidney and liver extract were examined. The obtained results showed that the variability of subun it B of LDH is different from subun it A in evolution. The former has characteristic of genus (Rattus or Apodemus) , the latter has characteristic of the species. It is based on that the mobilit ies of subun it B (LDH) are the same among the four species in the Rattus group , or also the same between two
species in the Apodemus group. However the former is faster than the latter. It is also based on that the migratory velocity of subun it A (LDH-5) are changed with the different species in the same genus (Rattus or Apodemus). Them obilities of subun it C (LDH-X) are also changed with species. For example, the LDH-X zone of R. rattoides is located between its LDH-3 and LDH-4, The ones of R. niviventer and R. norvegicus are located between its LDH-4 and LDH-5, the one of R. edwardsi is far from LDH-5 toward cathode.
For each species there are three SOD zones that their mobilities are different from species to species. The migratory velo sities of the three zones are changed coordinately.
The phenetic analysis of the biochemical data suggested that R. ra ttoides with R.f lavipectus or with R. norveg icus are allied in system at ics and that R. edwardsiis closer to A . agrarius than the other four species of Rattus group.

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STUDIES ON REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC BLACK BEAR

KONG Linglu, LAN Minjian, YANG Shikui, YANG Zhiyong, DENG Yinghong

1998, 18(2):  150-151. 

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ANATOMIC STUDIES ON THE SKELETON SYSTEM OF HERPESTES AUROPUNCTATUS

LIU Jinhui, LIU Zikui, HUANG Fushen, LIU Zhanhuan, ZHOU Changqing

1998, 18(2):  152-153. 

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THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ITS CHANGE OF RODENTS IN ALATAW PASS

ZHANG Daming, JIANG Tao, Mahmut, WANG Jianming,LI Wei

1998, 18(2):  154-155. 

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THE EFFECTS OF HYPOXIA ON IMPORTANT METAL ELEMENTS IN THE LIVER OF PLATEAU PIKA AND RAT

CHENG Zhi, SUO Yourui, DU Jizeng

1998, 18(2):  156-158. 

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