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07 July 2008, Volume 17 Issue 4
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AN INITIAL STUDY ON THE POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN
YANG Guang,ZHOU Kaiya, Hidehiro Kato,Tomio Miyashita
1997, 17(4): 241-247.
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The line transect samplingwas employed to survey the population density and size of bot t lenose dolphin (T u rsiop s truncatus) in the area between 25°~ 30°N ,w- est of 125°Ein the East China Sea, which generated a minimum estimates of 0.140 0 ( individual/km
2
) and 9 940 individuals respect ively. The population density of T ursiop s in this waters decreased along with the increase of latitude (from south to north) , however no obvious distributional pattern existed in the longitude direction. This is the firsttime to use line t ransect sampling method to survey the population size, and distributional characteristics of bottlenose dolphins in the China Seas.
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THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF GIANT PANDAS BETWEEN LIANGSHANAND XIAOXIANGLING MOUNTAINS
FANG Shengguo, FENG Wenhe,ZHANG Anju,LI Shaochang,YU Jianqiu,HUANG Xiangming,HE Guangxin,FEI Lisong
1997, 17(4): 248-252.
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Using the method of labelling giant panda's DNA fingerprinting probe F
2
ZGP96060801 with r
-32
P-A T P we have done the comparative detecting and analysis onthe genetic diversity of giant pandas between Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling mountains,and the results are as follows.
1. The mean numbers of bands per individual are 28.25 in Liangshan mountain and 33.14 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean allelic frequencies are 0.48 in L iangshanmountain and 0.43 in Xiaoxiangling mountain. The mean heterozygous ratio are 52% inLiangshan mountain and 57% in Xiaoxiangling mountain1
2. The mean similarity coefficients of DNA f ingerprints are 0.72 inLiangshan mountain and 0.68 in Xiaoxiangling mountain.
3. As a genet ic colony, the mean similarity coefficient of DNA fingerprints of giant pandas including two mountains of Liangshan and Xiaoxiangling is 0158, them ean num2ber of bands per individual is 30153, the mean allelic f requency is 0.36, and the mean heterozygous ratio is 64%.
4. The parameter of genetic distance of giant pandas is 0.42 between Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain, and there is a obvious genetic differentiation betw een the gian t pandas of Liangshan mountain and Xiaoxiangling mountain.When the genetic unit is one of the mountains, Liangshan or Xiaoxiangling, the genetic similarity of giant pandas among individuals is very high (0.68~ 0.72) and it is very poor in genetic diversity. If the unit of genetic colony includs two mountains ofLiangshan and Xiaox- iangling, there are a marked drop in the genetic similarity amongthe individuals and rise in genetic diversity.
The results above has made known our point of view that as a species the geneic diversity of giant panda is impossibly poor but the genetic colony of each mountain.
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TIM E BUDGET AND DEVELOPM ENT OF BEHAVIOR IN PENNED MUSK DEER FAWN
DU Weiguo
1997, 17(4): 253-258.
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Resting time of fawns decreased with weeks of age (R = 01870, P < 0101) , But increased in active time (R = 01906, P < 0105). Time of feeding had a significantly increasing from weeks of age 7 to 10 . Caudal2gland rubbing behavior and climbing tree behavior were the particuliar behavior of fo rest musk deer. They emerged at weeks of age 4.Caudual2gland rubbing behavior was found betw een mo thers and their fawns and maybehad important function at commun ication between mo thers and their fawns, whileclim ing tree behavior of fawns was a kind of play behavior.
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AN EXISTING COUNTERM EASURE OFMAMMALSIN GLACIAN PERIODS——A NEW EXPLANATION TOTHE BERGMANN′SLAW
DENG Tao XUE Xiangxu
1997, 17(4): 259-265.
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Harsh climatic conditons in the Quaternary glacial periods are severe test s to mammals. The mostinf luential factors are low temperature and radiation, becau se they trem endou sly affect rep roduct ive ab ilities ofm ammals. In o rder to maintain stabilit ies of populat ion s in harsh glacial condit ion s, some mammals wou ld choo se to migrate to south, mean while, other mammals would choose to stay in no rth and adop t a new existing coun term easu re. The increase of mammals′sizes is the expression of th is counter measure, which is the Bergmann′s Law. The authors think that the mechanism , which mammals increase their sizes, is not for decreasing their heat loss. The larger a mammal′s size is, the longer its life is. Climate always has f luctuation in any time scales.Therefore, the mechanism , which mammals increase their sizes, is fo r p ro longing theirw ait ing time so that they fully utilize suitablerep roductive stages in climatic fluctuat ion and con t inue their populations.
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FOOD NUTRIENT OF RED PANDAS
1997, 17(4): 266-271.
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THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ZOKOR PESTS AND THE ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF CONTROLLING IN FOREST AREA
1997, 17(4): 272-278.
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STUDIES ON THE MIGRATION OF MICROTUS FORTIS IN DONGTING LAKE AREA
GUO Cong,WANG Yong,CHEN Anguo,LIBo
1997, 17(4): 279-286.
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M icrotus fortis lives on the beach of Dongting Lake from autumn to spring when the
water level of the lake is low. As the rising of the water level of the lake in spring or in
early summer, and the area of the lake beach becoming narrow , M. fortis crosses the
dike and migrates to the farmland under the pressu re of overcrowd or being forced by
the f lood directly. When M. fortis started to migrate depended on the water level of the
lake and the population density. M. fortis often causes serious damages on crops when
it moves to the farmland. When M. fortis crossed the dike, it distributed on the farm-
land and the uncultivated land. The adults moved longer distance than the youngs did.
There were no differences between sexes on the dispersal distances.
The voles were mainly distributed within the area of the farmland or uncultivated
land 5 km from the dike during summer. The rate of capture declined as the distance
from the dike increased. The rate of captu re on uncult ivated land was higher than that
on farmland.
When the lake beach emerged in autumn, the volesmoved back. The ratio of males
among the dispersals was high when the voles started to move back in autumn.
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THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION ON THE SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX OF CITELLUS DAURICUS′SPERMATOCYTE
TANG Aimin, MA jixia
1997, 17(4): 287-291.
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By means of the surface-spread and stained with AgNO
3
and PTA , the synaptone-
mal complex (SC) of Citellus d auricus′spermatocyte was studied. The SC karotype of
Citellus d auricus was constructed based on the measurement result of 10 spermatocytes
and was compared with its mitotic karotype. The XY-chromosome′s synaptic behavior
was discussed and the different development stage of SC in pachytene was described
based on its sex chromosome′s synaptic character.
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INTAKE AND ITS CONTROL IN RUMINANTS
CHEN Huapeng,MA Jianzhang
1997, 17(4): 292-300.
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Animals, environmet, and forages are important factors affecting intake of rumi-
nants. Estimates of intake are maily based on short - term changes in biomass of forages
and body weight; techniques of esophageal or ruminal fistulae; bite count; fecal output
and a measure of digestibility; double alkanes. Mechanism of intake control is extremely
complex and cannot be explained any single factor. It is clear that a multiple factor ap-
proach will promote the solution of this issue. However, the central nervous system
(CN S) should become an important basis on which we explore this topic. Whether from
physiological, anatomical or behavioral approaches, it is important to find the connec-
tion between CNS and various signals from the internal environment of animal body.
More important, it will be necessary to seek the subtle mechanism of estabolishing this
connection and how it works in the control of intake in the short and long term.
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OBSERVATIONS OF GOLDEN MONKEY (RHINOPITHECUS R. ROXELLANAE ) PULMONARY CAPILLARIES AND ALVEOLAR CASTS UNDER THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
YU Shiyuan
1997, 17(4): 301-302.
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STUDY ON SPATIAL PATTERNS OF HOLE GROUPS OF RHOMBOMYS OPIMUS
Zhao Tianbiao,Zhang Zhongbing,Li Xinmin,Zhang chunfu,Qi lin
1997, 17(4): 303-305.
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THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM ON THE LEVEL OF BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE IN MICROTUS OECONOMUS AND THE EFFECT OF HYPOXIA
XIONG Zhong,DU Jizeng
1997, 17(4): 306-307.
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