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07 July 2008, Volume 17 Issue 3

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE TAXONOMY POSITION OF GIANT PANDA USING RAPD

LIN Feng,　YANG Yuhua,　ZHANG Yizheng, CHEN Hongwei,　FEI Lisong,　SONG Yunfang,　HE Guangxi,　ZHANG Anju

1997, 17(3):  161-164. 

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We employed PCR and Southern-blot hybridization to analyze a shared 1.3 kb DNA fragment among the RAPD products from giant panda, lesser panda, malayan bear and raccoon genomic DNA. The results showed that the 1.3kb fragment from giant panda may be a repetitive sequence, which contained several binding sites of the random primer AB1-08 (GTCCACACGG). The southern-blot hybridization result with the 1.3kb fragment from giant panda as probe showed that the counterpart DNA fragment from malayan bear has strong hybridization signal while those from lesser panda and raccoon have no signal that could be detected. It suggested that giant panda might has closer relation ship with bears than that with lesser panda and raccoon and should be classified into the Ursidae family with malayan bear. Our research result provide another evidence for the solution of the riddle of giant panda taxonomy position on molecular biology level.

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THE DEVELOPING OF GIANT PANDA DNA FINGERPRINTING PROBE F2ZGP96060801AND THE COMPARATIVE TEST ANALYSIS OF 5 PROBES

FANG Shengguo FENG Wenhe ZHANG Anju

1997, 17(3):  165-171. 

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STUDIES ON THE DIURNAL ACTIVITIES AND TIME BUDGETS OF PRZEWALSKI’S GAZELLE

CHEN Liwei　FENG Zuojian CAI Pin　LI Yongbo CHEN Hongjian JIANG Zhigang

1997, 17(3):  172-183. 

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This paper presents some recent results on the diurnal activities and time budgets of Przew alski’s gazelle, an endangered species which is only distributed around Qinghai Lake. We conducted target objective observation on the gazelle which to talled 385 individual-time with 64. 19 hours in Spring (Mar.～Apri. ) , Summer (Jun.～Jul. ) and Autumn (Sep.～Oct. ). The results of analysis show that the activity of Procap raprzewalskii varies among the different seasons, and has relation to both sunrise and sunset. For example, in Spring, their activities take 10 hours everyday, from 7:00 to 17:00 (Sunrise:7:28 a. m. ; Sunset: 17: 20 p.m. ) ; and 13～15 hours per day, from 7: 00 to 20: 30 (Sunrise: 6:40 a. m. , Sunset: 20:46 p. m. ) , as well as 12 hours, from 7:00～9:00(Sunrise: 7:02 a. m. , Sunset:18:50 p. m. ) in the Summer and Autumn respectively. 　　The activities of the Przew alski’s gazelle are divided into 5 categories in this study:Feeding, Moving, Standing and Gazing, Bedding and Other Activities. In spring, the major behavior of the animal was feeding, the time budget of feeding occupied 65.56% of all diurnal time and showed three peaks: morning (7:00～ 9:00; 68.07%～73.47% ) , afternoon (13: 00～ 14: 00; 83.94% ) and dusk (15:00～ 17:00; 98.57%～ 84.93% ).Meanwhile, the moving occupied 5.17% , standing and gazing time was 2.67% , bedding time was 26.55% and other activities, 0.03%. 　　In Summer, feeding behavior remained a major activity and showed three peaks :afternoon (13:00～ 14:00; 81.93% ) , late afternoon (16: 00～ 17:00; 78.15% ) and one hour before sunset ( 18 : 00～ 19 : 00; 60.77% ). However, the proport ion decreased greatly, only 45.91% of all diurnal time, and exhibited prominen talternation with another major behavior—bedding (45.24% ). Moving occupied 2.94% , standing and gazing, 5.57% and other activities, 0.79%. In Autumn, the proportion of feeding time decreased continuously, but the behavior still played the most important role (40.02% ) ,and showed the three peaks : noon (11: 00～ 12:00; 57.13% ) , afternoon (14:00～ 15:00; 52.14% ) and dusk (18: 00～ 19: 00; 70.06% ). Moving time increased to 8.18%;standing and gazing time rose obviously over Spring and Summer, 13.79%; bedding,37.13%; and other act ivities, 0.88%. 　　By analysis of variance (ANOVA ) on the time budgets at different seasons, we may take note of the following findings. 　　Feeding time The significant difference has been found between Spring and Summer, D= 0.196 7> D0.05, ; also between Spring and Autumn, D= 0.255 6> D0.05; but it has not been found between the Summer and Autumn, D= 0.058 9< D0.05 ( see table 1). 　　Moving time　Exhibits evident difference between Summer and Autumn, i. e. D=0.056 8> D0.01. 　　Standing and gazing time　Differs significantly between Spring and Autumn, D =0.107 8> D0.01; also Summer and Autumn, D= 0.078 8> D0.01.　 As to the bedding time, it doesn’t show any significant differences among seasons. 　　With respect to the reasons for differences in the time budgets seasonally, the authors have discussed in the text. 　　From an analysis of the time budgets of behaviors, it may also be clearly seen that activities alternate, however, feeding has a dominant status over all behaviors. The activity pattern of the gazelle shows elasticity as well as great adaptability. 　

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OBSERVATIONS ON PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM AND HEPATIC VENOUS SYSTEM OF RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MULATTA )

CHEN Jiaji

1997, 17(3):  184-188. 

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The portal venous system and the hepatic venous system were observed by cast technique and dissection. The author discovered the branches of the portal vein of rhesus monkey are similar to those of man, pig, rabbit, cattle and goat. The liver could be divided in to two lobes and four segments, i. e. the left lobe, the right lobe and the left lateral segment, the left medial segment, the right medial segment and the right lateral segment. The left part and the right part of the caudate lobe could be grouped in to the left lobe and the right lobe respectively. The large hepatic veins include the vena hepatica lobisin. lat. , the vena hepatica lobisin. med. , the vena hepaticamedia, the vena hepatica dextra and the venae hepaticae lobi caudati. Besides, the branching regularity of the portal veins in mammals, the names and anastomosis of the large hepatic veins were discussed.

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EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS OF A CROPLAND RODENTCOMM UNITY IN THE WESTERN SICHUAN PLA IN :DOM INANT SPECIES REMOVALZENG Zongyong　LUO Mingshu YANG Yuemin　LIANG Junshu XIE Rongkai　DENG Xiaozhong　DING Weijun　SONG Zhiming

ZENG Zongyong　LUO Mingshu YANG Yuemin　LIANG Junshu XIE Rongkai　DENG Xiaozhong　DING Weijun　SONG Zhiming

1997, 17(3):  189-196. 

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During 1993 ～1995 we conducted an experiment in which we removed the dominant species of rodent, Rattus nitidus, from a 2 hm² plot in theWestern Sichuan Plain and set a 1.5hm² control plotin the same habitat. The experiment evaluates the extent to which the dominant species influences other rodent populations. Monito ring with live traps and statistical analyzing with paired t-testing of difference between the experimental and control plots revealed that: the removal of R.nitidus (1) resulted in increases of population density (R.nevigicus and R. flevipectus) and biomass (R.confucians) during a certain year o r overall study period;(2) induced significant increases in the number of species and Shannon indexes of species diversity during 1995 and overall study period; (3) resulted in no significant changes in joint population density, biomass, evenness of species. These results indicate that occurrence of the dominant species plays a major role in regulating the number of species and determining the organization of crop land rodent communities. Competition between the dominant species and other rodent populations for resources was limiting the number of species in the community.But we have not identified which components in resources were working in limiting the species number and species diversity by our relative simple experimental manipulations.

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DYNAMICS OF RODENT COMMUNITIES IN AGRICULTURAL AREA OF LOESS PLATEAU IN THE WEST OF HENAN PROVINCE: PRIMARY ANALYSES FOR THE PATTERN ON TEM PORAL AND SPATIAL SCALE

ZHAO Yajun　WANG T inzheng　LI Jingang ZHANG Yue　TAI Fadao　ZHANG Juxiang

1997, 17(3):  197-203. 

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It is on local scale and a short term that the dynamics of patterns of a rodent community in a agricultural ecosystem in the west of Henan Province in the centre of China is analysed. 　　There was one Cricetulustriton + Mcrotus mandarinus community in regional scale,in which the species diversity showed significantly positive correlation swith the richness and the evenness, respectively and the correlation between the diversity and the richness was more noticeable than that between the diversity and the evenness. However, because of patchiness in the distribution of resources, the dominant rodent species and the sub-dominant responded to variability of the environment in season individualistically which resulted in spatial and temporal patterns of the rodent community correspondingly. 　　In the farm land, the rodent community subdivided in to two patterns: M. mand arinus + C. triton sub-community and C. triton + M. mandarinus one in fall, the latter was living in fields of cornoroil sunf lower. Following the rotation from spring to fall, the rodent species diversity was significantly and positively correlated to the richness and evenness respectively, with in those. 　　Disregard of ages of apple tree and seasons, structure of the rodent communityin orchards were stable in which abundance of M. mandarinus was all larger than that of C. triton, and the diversity has correlation neither with the richness nor with the evenness. However, it w as irrigation in a few orchards that made the order of C. triton and M. mandarinus in the community such reversal that C. triton + M. mandarinus sub-community replaced M. mandarinus+ C. triton one. Of cources, the probability can be predicted that what happened in the irrigated orchards would similarly come to in the farm land if farm land would be irrigated. 　　From summer of the 1st year of field abandonment, M. mandarinus + C. triton sub-community was becoming C. triton + M. mandarinus sub-community. When perennials replaced annuals as the dominant plant species by the end of the 3rd year of the succession, the C. triton+ M. mandarinus sub-community was stable. During the succession, the rodent species diversity had no correlation with the richness and the evenness of the rodent communities, respectively. 　　It indicated resulting from this paper that environment heterogeneity results in a diversity of rodent communities in agricultural area.

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NOREP INEPHRINE STIM ULATES THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPIN-REALEASING FACTOR FROM MEDIAN EMINENCE OF OCHOTONA CURZONIAE

DU Jizeng　WU Yan　YOU Zhibing

1997, 17(3):  204-207. 

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We studied the effect of neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) on immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) ofmedian eminence (ME) in the native pika (Ochotona curzoniae). At one hour after intracerebroventricular ( icv) administration of NE in doses of 3.75,7.5, 15 and 30 ug/100 g BW , the CRF level of ME increased. A nd the plasma corticosterone concentration also increased. Two and six days after adrenalectomy (ADX) , NE concentration in hypothalamus declined to 76.32% and 76.27% of those in intact pika, plasma corticorsterone concentration also decreased to 16.57 and 2.05% of the control. These results indicated that NE have a effect on activating HPA axis through activating hypothalamic CRF in Ochotona curzoniae.

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ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS IN TWO SUBSPECIES OF STRIPED FIELD M ICE APODEMUS AGRAR IUS FROM NORTHERN CHINA AND KOREA

WANG Jinxing HUNG Sun Koh

1997, 17(3):  208-215. 

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One hundred and seven samples of two subspecies of striped field mice, Apodemus agrarius pallidior from Northern China and A . agrarius coreae from Korea, were used for the analysis of mitochondrialDNA (mtDNA ) fragment patterns resulted from the digestion with eight restriction enzymes by blot hybridization technique. 　　All 35 fragments and 12 mtDNA haplotypes were recognized. The 12 hap lotypes were grouped into two major subgroups with the mean divergence of 1.01%. One subgroup with four haplotypes consisted of 51 samples from four localities in Northern China, which is A . agrarius pallidior, and the other subgroup with eight haplotypes is composed of 56 samples from four localities in Korea, A . agrarius coreae.　　Subspecies coreae appeared to be some what diverged in their mtDNA geno types from subspecies pallidior, and taxonomic status of these two subspecies is confirmed in this molecular study. It becomes necessary to carry out further researches with samples of striped field mice from other localities to clarify subspecies classification of A . agrarius.

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COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE HEMOGLOBIN AND LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES FROM TWO KINDS OF WILD AND LABORATORY RATS

HUANG Guiping　　HUANG Qinzao　GUO Guanghong LIAO Ruonan　LIU Fei

1997, 17(3):  216-220. 

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The hemoglob in sand lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in wild rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) and wistarst rain of laboratory rat have been analysed by means of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. All animals adult. The results are as bellows: 1. The biochemical polymorphism of the hemoglobin was found in two kinds of wild and laboratory rats, Rattus norvegicus has 3, 6, 7 and 8 components; wistar strain rat has only 8 components. Hemoglobin typeⅠof both rats possessed eight zones and their migration rates (PlateⅠ and F ig.1) and scanning curves (F ig.2) were similar. 2. Each tissue LDH isozyme in Rattus norvegicus and wistar strain rat was found to have a characteristic distribution of these isozymes in the pattern, but the isozyme bands in heart have appeared LDH1, LDH2, LDH3 and LDH5 and migration rates were similar, in other tissue the numder and themobility of LDH iszoymes were different (P lateⅠ ). 3. The electrophoretic variants of serum and tissue LDH isozyme from wistar strain are described, since sub-band have appeared with in LDH5 and LDH4, it indicates that LDH-A (M ) locus occurs in mutant alleles.

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STUDIES ON THE INORGANIC CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN SKELETONS OF PLATEAU ZOKER AND PLATEAU P IKAⅡ. ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEM ENTS

YI Fushen　SUO Youru i 　ZHANG Baochen

1997, 17(3):  221-226. 

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The contents and distributions of 12 trace elements were analyzed in the wholelength bone, cranium , backbone and legbone of plateau zoker (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). The twelve trace elements are Cu, Zn, Fe, M n, Co,N i, Mo, Cr, F, Se, T i and Ge. The results were as follows: 　　The difference of the contents of only Cu in the skeleton of two kinds animals was not significant, the difference of another 11 trace elements were remarkable (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) , the contents of Zn, Fe, M n, Co, N i, Mo, F and Se of the plateau zokers were higher than the plateau pikas; Cr, Ti and Ge of the plateau pikas were higher than plateau zokers. 　　The distribution of trace elements was not average in the cranium , backbone and leg bone, the trace elements were the richest in the cranium.

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON GROUND-DWELLING SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITY IN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF XISHUANGBANNA

WU Delin,FENG Yong

1997, 17(3):  227-231. 

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THE STERILE EFFECT OF ALPHA- CHLOROHYDRIN ON CRICETULUS TRITON

ZHANG Zhibin　WANG Shuqing　HAO Shoushen　WANG Fusheng　CAO Xiaoping

1997, 17(3):  232-233. 

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THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF CORTICOSTERONE LEVEL AND EFFECT OF HYPOXIAON ROOT VOLE(MICROTUS OECONOMUS)

XIONG Zhong DU Jizeng

1997, 17(3):  234-235. 

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