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07 July 2008, Volume 16 Issue 3

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STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES AND OOCYTES OF GIANT PANDAS

FENG Wenhe, XIAO Lei, ZHAO Tao, ZHANG Anju, LI Shaochang, LI Guanghan, YU Jianqiu, CHEN Dayuan

1996, 16(3):  161-165. 

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The authors have observed continuous section of 5 giant pandas ovaries, tested and analysed the developing and ripening course of follicle, oocyte and hyaline zona, and the relationship among them. 1. The giant pandas follicles and oocytes have didmous growth charcteristic like mammmals. During 6 growth periods, only a few superior follicles have been defined, others have become to be atresia follicles in different periods. In the oestrus period, the phenomenen of follicular atresia lutein cell and vesicular follicles happens frequently. 2.While the hyaline zona becomes low columnar cell to high columnar cell in the monolayer folliclecell, the zona is slow thickening by the growth with the development of follicles and oocytes. 3.Mature follicles in V1 period are not seen in two ovarian section at oestrus period. This indicates that not all the ova of a female giant are normal in her oestrus period.

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE MATERIAL RESOURCE OF DNA IN THE DNA FINGERPRINTING ANALYSIS OF GIANT PANDAS

FANG Shengguo, Ding Zhaowu, FENG Wenhe, ZHANG Anju, LI Guanghan, LI Sahochang, YU Jianqiu, LI Xuebing

1996, 16(3):  166-170. 

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DNA were isolated from formalin-fixed testes, excrements, urine, blood and hairs of 13 giant pandas in 4 families in Chengdu Zoo and Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.Using the method of DNA fingerprinting we made an analysis of the DNA finger-prints to the 4 families, and obtained the following results: 1. The DNA fingerprints of blood, hairs, urine, fornalin-fixed testes and excrements of the same giant panda are identical. It indicates that all the materials above are the resource of DNA in the research works of DNA fingerprinting analysis of giant panda. 2. Both of the oligonucleotide probes of JH12.6 provided by Jinhe Applied Biotechnoligy Institute and LZF-1made by Molecular Biology Institute of Sichuan Normal University can form the hybrid molecules with the simple repetitive DNA of genome of giant pandas, and aa of the hybrid bands of any fillal generation farrowed down by monogamy and polyandry come from their parents and the blood relationship of 4 families have been determined again bu us. 3.Because the DNA can be obtained from the urine, excrementd, formalin-fixed tissues, haris and blood and there is an identical result in the DNA fingerprinting analysis, and therefore the achievement ushered in a vast vistas in the material resouce of DNA fingerprinting analysis of ferocious animals and the animals of being in imminent danger.

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GIANT PANDA'S SELECTION FOR BAMBOO RESOURCES IN MABIAN DAFENGDING RESERVE

WEI Fuwen, ZHOU Caiquan, HU Jinchu, YANG Guang, WANG Wei

1996, 16(3):  171-175. 

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The giant panda's selection for bamboo resources was studied in Mabian Dafengding Reserve from 1991 to 1993 in Liangshan Mountains. Vanderploeg and Scavia selectivity index was used to assess the panda's selection for different bamboo parameters. The selectivity index indicated that pandas had obvious selection for the different kinds of bamboo species. Pandas ferpered to feed on Qiongzhuea macrophylla and yushania glauca, almost avioded Chimonobambusa pachstachys. While feeding on Qiongzhuea macropgylla, they perfered to choose thick shoots(basal diameter>18mm) and young stems. While feeding on yushania glauca, they also perfered to select thick stems(basal diameter>12mm), and thick shoots( basal diameter>16mm), but no obvious selection for the old and the young stems.

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY 0N THE GR0UPING BEHAVIOR OF M0NG0LIAN GAZELLE (PROCAPRA GUTIUROSA)IN SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER

GAO Zhongxin，GUAN Dongming, JIN Kun, BAO Xinkang

1996, 16(3):  176-181. 

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The total of 637 groups of Mongolian gazelle(Procapra gutturosa) were observed during April to July，1993 and M ay to July, 1994. The average group size for spring and early summer and standard deviation were calculated. We also compared and analysed the average group size，percentage and stability of the three types of group of Mengolian gazelle．The analysis of these data revealed that the average group size between spring and early summer exists a significant difference(F=3.09> F_0.05)．The average group size，the percentage and stability of types of group were quite different in spring and early summer. In spring mixed group is the main group type(63.14% )，however，female group is the main group typ e (60.73 %)in early summer．In both seasons，the percentage of male group is the low est，7.45 %and 7.59 % respectively．The largest group is usually mixed group， the female group and the male group are smaller comparatively. In spring, the average group size of femal grouP is 11.35，male group8.84. In ear ly summer，the avarage group size of female group is 4.88 ，male group 9.63．T he m ixed group is the unstablest，the male group is the stablest．Birth period, the abundance of food,the types of group are responsible for the difference in group size for spring and early summer．


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COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF C-BAND AND Ag-NOPs ON THE CHROM0S0MES BETWEEN TWO SPECIES GIBBONS

LIU Ruiqing，NIE Wenhui, CHEN

1996, 16(3):  182-187. 

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This paper deals w ith the Cornparison of C-Banding patterns and Ag-NORs between white—browed gibbon (Hylobates hoolock)andwhite-cheeked gibbon(H.leucogenys). The results are given as below ：The diploid number of H.hoolock is 38， and its karyotype formula is 18 (M or SM ), XY (M, dot)． The white—checked gibbon has a diploid number of 2n= 52，and the karyotype formula is d 4 (M orSM ) + 6 (A )，XY (M ，A )．
There are com mon characteristics of C—banded patterns in H.hoolock and H.leucogenys, Which are centromeric distribution of heterochromatin ，loss of centromeric heterochromatin and incerstitiaI heterochromatin． There are alsO some diffefences among their C—banded paeterns，W hich are the C—banded a|so karyotype with constitutive heterochromatic arms only in H ．hoolock，and with terminal heterochromatin only in H.leucogenys. Their the whole Y chromosomes are C -band positive·
Silver staining revealed one pair of SM chromosomes with NORs in H.hoolock.
There aro 5 chromosomes with Ag—NORs in male H.leucogenys,one of them is located on the Y chromosome which has been confirm ed by fluorescence in situs hybridization(FISH)in the same cell. The presence of an NOR on the Y Chromosome is unusual in mammals．T he female H.leucogenys has 4 chromosomes with Ag—N ORs．Moreover，the association of Ag—NORs has been observed in H.leucogenys. However, it has not been observed in H.hoolock．
Based on these results， the chromosomal evolution in gibbons has been discussed.

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ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN HAIR OF SICHUAN FOLDEN MONKEY

Li Baoguo, LIU Jianli

1996, 16(3):  188-163. 

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The contents of Na , Mg , Zn , Cd , Co , Cu , Ni , Sr , Li , Fe , Al , Mn , B and P in hair of Sichuan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellanae) from Qinling mountains were tested by means of ICP-AES.The average values of trace elements in hair of males and females are shown in Table 3. The contents of K , Na and P were highest all of elements , but the contents of Mn and Sr were lower. In general ,the contents of trace elements in hair of males were higher than females, However, the contents of Zn and Mn were found significantly different bout sexes. Through the analysis of a lot of samples from different habitats by many methods, the standard values of trace contents of hair in Sichuan golden monkey could be established. It is useful to accumulate infor mation for further study distinguishing diseased individuals from normal ones. The contents of zn , Ca, Cu and Fe in hair of Sichuan golden monkey from Qingliing mountains and Wolong of Sichuan were compared in this paper . It was found that there were significantly different in the contents of Cu and Zn in both sexes , and Ca and Fe in the females . It is possible to reflect the tendency to separation of the species.

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BEHAVIOUR COMPARISON OF PLATEAU ZOKOR BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE AND NONREPRODUCTIVE PERIODS

WEI Wanhong, ZHOU Wenyang, WANG Quanye, FAN Naichang

1996, 16(3):  194-201. 

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This paper compared the beaviours of plateau zokor between the reproductive and nonreproductive periods in the laboratory condition , described and analysized 16 kinds of behaviours . The result showed that the behaviours did not change , but the frequency and duration of different behaviours had greatly difference between two periods . The behaviour distribution shifted within 24 hours and mainly behaviours were sleep and rest , feed , locomote , dig , and contact for each hour . In reproductive period , the time of diggfing , approaching , contacting , attacking , escaping and retreating increased , the sociality was higher than that in nonreproductive period . The chance of ainimals occurring reaction was at random and displayed different behaviour after reaction .

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POPULATION ECOLOGY OF RATTUS NITIDUS IN THE WESTERN SICHUAN PLAIN I． POPULATION DYNAMICS AND BODY SIZE

ZENG Zongyong, DING Weijun, YANG Yuemin, LUO Mingshu, LIANG Junshu, DAI Yinggui, SONG Zhiming

1996, 16(3):  202-210. 

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Mark-recapture，trap-dissection and captive fee,dins methods provided data on population density，body size-growth and biornass for a population of Mark-recapture，trap-dissection and captive fee,dins methods provided data on population density，body size-growth and biornassfor a population of rattus nitidus in the Western Sichuan Plain from January 1989 tbrough June 1995．With highest 11．3 individuals／ha and lowest 0.7 Indjviduah／ha．population density showed the Same seasonal fluctuations patterns as crops and averaged 3.5 individuals／ha．Sex ratio of males to females decreased from 1 :1 of juveniles and subadults to 1:0.78 of adults to 1:0.53 of elders.Body mass of males and females averaged，respectively,l36 and114g，and showed apparent sex dimorphism in body mass，and hind-foot length as well-,but not in body length or ear length.Body mass and tail length ofjuvenile and subadults keptgrowing during study period can be fitted adequately by logistic and power equations, respectively． Biomass was more stable than population density and mean body mass .

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SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF THERMOGENESIS IN DAURIAN GROUND SQUIRREL （CITLLUS DAURICUS）

ZHANG Shuzhen , LI Qingfen , HUANG Chenxi

1996, 16(3):  211-216. 

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The thermogenesis of Daurian ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus) showed apparent seasonal variation . Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in non-hibernating seasons were the highest in spring and the lowest in summer . RMR keeped extremly low during hibernation . The pratein content , respiration and activity of cytochrome C oxidase of liver mitochondria were much higher in autumn than in other seasons . The wet weight , mitochondrial protein content , activities of cytochrome C oxidase and a-phoshphoglycerol oxidase of brown adipose tissue (BAT) were the lowest in summer and the highest during hibernation . The increase of thermogenic capacity of BAT corresponded to the increase of NST , suggesting that BAT themogenesis was responsible for NST . Serum T₄ concentration in Daurian ground squirrel did not change significantly in annual cycle , but serum T₃ concentration was obviously higher during hibernation than in non-hibernating seasons .

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ANALYSES ON VARIATION OF MDH ， HEMOGLOBIN AND SOME PLASMA PROTEINS FOR SIX MURIDS

JIN Xiaoling , HE Xinxia , ZHOU Yucan , WU Linfu , GAN Changchun

1996, 16(3):  217-221. 

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The MDH isozymes , hemoglobins and some plasma proteins of 4 species of the Rattus genus and 2species of the Apodemus genus were analysed by means of the vertical slab gel elect rophoresis . The results obtained showed that the MDH isozymes were rather conservative in evolueion . The MDH_M and MDH_S2 zones among all species analysed were respectively located to the same migratory line , but migratory speed of the MDH_S1 zones were different between the species of the two genus . The variations of migratory speed on the zones of albumin , pre –allbumin , the proteins in B₁and B₂ regions among the species were found . There were 2 polymorphic types in the B₁ region of A . agrarius and R . niviventer , respectively . There were also 2 polymorphic types in the B₂ region of R . norvegicus .It was also found to the variations of the migratory speed and the number of Hb zones among all species analysed . There were 2Hb polymorphic types for R. rattoid and 3 for R. niviventer . The phonetic analysis with 16 biochemical characters by the pair-group method showed that R . norvegicus was closed to R . rattoides in ally. The R . edwardsi was closer to A . agrarius than the res 3 species of the Rattus in ally . There were relatively marked divergence between R. edwardsi and R . niviventer in evolution .

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THE EABLISHMENT OF CHINESE MAMMAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION

HE Yuanhui，ZHU Jianggguo

1996, 16(3):  222-229. 

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This report introduced the "China Mammal Database Management Information System "and the Specimen and Species distribution checklist databases built by using the system. We described the significant，the scheme goal，system structure，data models and software outline of the system - Geographic name and species code regulations we used in the systern ，the mammal checklist of China，output styles of the system were also supplied．After that，we presented the occupying of the databases bulit by using this System.

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DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS OF TAKINS IN BAISHUIJIANG NATURE RESERVE

1996, 16(3):  230-230. 

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DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENT FOR RED PANDA’S HAIR AND BLOOD

1996, 16(3):  231-232. 

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A STUDY ON G-BANDED CHROMOSOMES OF MARMOTA HIMALAYANA

1996, 16(3):  233-234. 

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